Evaluation of the adjuvant effect of topic Bach floral in the clinical response to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: pilot study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i2.40067Keywords:
Periodontitis; Floral therapy; Diabetes mellitus, type 2.Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical response of periodontal tissues after periodontal therapy associated with the use of Bach Flower (Rock Rose gel) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This randomized, doble-blind, split-mouth, single-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial selected 20 participants with moderate, severe, or advanced periodontitis (stage II, III, and IV). They were divided into groups, where group 1 received Floral Rock Rose gel and group 2, saline gel. All groups received conventional periodontal treatment characterized by scaling and root planing before gel application. Clinical evaluation was performed using periodontal clinical parameters: Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), and Clinical Insertion Level (CAL). Biometric parameters and hematological parameters were also evaluated. All clinical and laboratory parameters were obtained at baseline and after three months. Results: There was an improvement in periodontal clinical parameters before and after treatment in both groups (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention, control, and floral groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The periodontal treatment performed with Rock Rose adjuvant gel (Bach Flower) was safe, efficient, and promoted the improvement of periodontal clinical parameters. However, it did not show superior results to conventional periodontal therapy.
References
Adriaens, P. A., Edwards, C. A., De Boever, J. A., & Loesche, W. J. (1988). Ultrastructural observations on bacterial invasion in cementum and radicular dentin of periodontally diseased human teeth. Journal Periodontology, 59(8):493-503. https://doi:10.1902/jop.1988.59.8.493
Ahuja, C. R., Kolte, A. P., Kolte, R. A., Gupta, M., & Chari, S. (2019). Effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid and serum leptin levels in periodontally healthy chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry. e12420
Ainamo, J., & Bay, I. (1975). Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. International Dental Journal,4:229-235.
American Diabetes Association (2006). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 29 Suppl 1:S43-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMID: 16373932.
American Diabetes Association (2014). Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care, 37(Supplement 1): S81-S90. https://doi:10.2337/dc14-S081
Bach, E. The Twelve Healers & Other Remedies. (4th ed).; 1941. Accessed October 5, 2021. https://www.bachcentre.com/en/education/books-and-reading-lists/the-twelve-healers/
Bian. Y., Liu, C., & Fu, Z (2021). Application value of combination therapy of periodontal curettage and root planing on moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Head & Face Medicine, 17(1):12. https://doi:10.1186/s13005-020-00253-z
Castro Dos Santos, N. C., Andere, N. M., Araujo, C. F., de Marco, A. C., Dos Santos, L. M., Jardini, M. A., & Santamaria, M. P. (2016). Local adjunct effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in type 2 diabetics: split-mouth double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Lasers Medical Science, 31(8):1633-1640. doi: 10.1007/s10103-016-2030-8.
Camargo, G. A. C. G., Lima, M. A., Fortes, T. V., de Souza, C. S., de Jesus, A. M., & de Almeida, R. P. (2013). Effect of periodontal therapy on metabolic control and levels of IL-6 in the gingival crevicular fluid in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 24(1):110-116. https://doi:10.4103/0970-9290.114953
Cao, R., Li, Q., Wu, Q., Yao, M., Chen, Y., &Zhou, H. (2019). Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 19(1):1-14. https://doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0829-y
Caton, J. G., Armitage, G., Berglundh, T., Chapplem, I. L. C., Jepsen, S., Kornman, K. S., Mealey, B. L., Papapanou, P. N., Sanz, M., & Tonetti, M. S. (2018). A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. Journal of Clinical Periodontology,45 Suppl 20:S1-S8. https://doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12935
Chapple, I. L. C., Mealey, B. L., Van Dyke, T. E., Bartold, P. M., Dommisch, H., Eickholz, P., Geisinger, M. L., Genco, R. J., Glogauer, M., Goldstein, M., Griffin, T. J., Holmstrup, P., Johnson, G. K., Kapila, Y., Lang, N. P., Meyle, J., Murakami, S., Plemons, J., Romito, G. A., Shapira, L., Tatakis, D. N., Teughels, W., Trombelli, L., Walter, C., Wimmer, G., Xenoudi, P., & Yoshie, H. (2018). Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Journal Periodontology, 89 Suppl 1: S74-S84. https://doi:10.1002/JPER.17-0719
Chen, Y. F., Zhan, Q., Wu, C. Z., Yuan, Y. H., Chen, W., Yu, F. Y., Li, Y., & Li, L. J. (2021). Baseline HbA1c Level Influences the Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Glycemic Control in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review on Randomized Controlled Trails. Diabetes Therapy, 12(5):1249-1278. https://doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01000-6
Engebretson, S. P., Hyman, L. G., Michalowicz, B. S., Schoenfeld, E. R., Gelato, M. C., Hou, W., Seaquist, E. R., Reddy, M. S., Lewis, C. E., Oates, T. W., Tripathy, D., Katancik, J. A., Orlander, P. R., Paquette, D. W., Hanson, N. Q., & Tsai, M. Y. (2013). The effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on hemoglobin A1c levels in persons with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(23):2523-2532. https://doi:10.1001/jama.2013.282431
Ernst, E. (2010). Bach flower remedies: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Swiss Medical Weekly, 40:w13079. https://doi:10.4414/smw.2010.13079
Fusco, S. F. B., Pancieri, A. P., Amancio, S. C. P., Fusco, D. R., Padovani, C.R., Minicucci, M. F., Spiri, W. C., & Braga, E. M. (2021). Efficacy of Flower Therapy for Anxiety in Overweight or Obese Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 27(5):416-422. https://doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0305
Ganguly, A., Ian, C. K., Sheshala, R., Sahu, P. S., Al-Waeli, H., & Meka, V. S. (2017). Application of diverse natural polymers in the design of oral gels for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Journal of Matererials Science Materials in Medicine, 28(3):39. https://doi:10.1007/s10856-017-5852-4
Gay, I. C., Tran, D. T., Cavender, A. C., Weltman, R., Chang, J., Luckenbach, E., & Tribble, G. D. (2014). The effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control in a Hispanic population with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 41(7):673-680. https://doi:10.1111/jcpe.12268
Gonçalves, L. T. C., Batista, N. C., Paula, C. P., Monteiro, A. B. S., & Camargo, G. A. C. G. (2019). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Bach Flowers on the Inhibition of Streptococcus Mutans. In Vitro Study. International Journal of Current Medical Science and Dental Research, 1: 47-51.
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Published 2019. https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/
Jain, A., Gupta, J., Bansal, D., Sood, S., Gupta, S., & Jain, A. (2019). Effect of scaling and root planing as monotherapy on glycemic control in patients of Type 2 diabetes with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 23(4):303-310. https://doi:10.4103/jisp.jisp_417_18
Kinane, D. F., Stathopoulou P. G., & Papapanou, P. N. Periodontal diseases (2017). Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3:17038. https://doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.38
Koo, H., Xiao, J., Klein, M. I., & Jeon, J. G. (2010). Exopolysaccharides produced by Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases modulate the establishment of microcolonies within multispecies biofilms. Journal of Bacteriology, 192(12):3024-32. https://doi: 10.1128/JB.01649-09.
Lalla, E., & Papapanou, P. N. (2011). Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: a tale of two common interrelated diseases. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 7(12):738-748. https://doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.106
Martínez-Luque, R., & Martínez-Garrido, R (2014). Herpes zóster treated with Bach flowers. Revista de Enfermagem, 37(3):45-48.
Preshaw, P. M., & Bissett, S. M. Periodontitis and diabetes (2019). Brazilian Dental Journal, 227(7):577-584. https://doi:10.1038/s41415-019-0794-5
Quintero, A. J., Chaparro, A., Quirynen, M., Ramirez, V., Prieto, D., Morales, H., Prada, P., Hernández, M., & Sanz, A. (2018). Effect of two periodontal treatment modalities in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 45(9):1098-1106. https://doi:10.1111/jcpe.12991
Raman, R. P. C., Taiyeb-Ali, T. B., Chan, S. P., Chinna, K., & Vaithilingam, R. D. (2014). Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy verses oral hygiene instructions on type 2 diabetes subjects with chronic periodontitis: a randomised clinical trial. BMC Oral Health,14:79. https://doi:10.1186/1472-6831-14-79
Resende, M. M. C., Costa, F. E. C., Gardona, R. G. B., Araújo, R. G., Mundim, F. G. L., & Costa, M. J. C. (2014). Preventive use of Bach flower Rescue Remedy in the control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rats. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22(4):719-723. https://10.1016/j.ctim.2014.06.008
Rivas-Suárez, S. R., Águila-Vázquez, J., Suárez-Rodríguez, B., Vázquez-León, L., Casanova-Giral, M., Morales-Morales, R., & Rodríguez-Martín, B. C. (2017). Exploring the Effectiveness of External Use of Bach Flower Remedies on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 22(1):18-24. https://doi:10.1177/2156587215610705
Rode, P. A., Kolte, R. A., Kolte, A. P., Purohit, H. J., & Ahuja, C. R. (2019). Relevance of single‐nucleotide polymorphism to the expression of resistin gene affecting serum and gingival crevicular fluid resistin levels in chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized control clinical trial. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 23:131‐136. https://doi.org/10.4103/jisp.jisp_361_18
Santos, V. R., Lima, J. A., De Mendonça, A. C., Braz Maximo, M. B., Faveri, M., & Duarte, P. M. (2009). Effectiveness of full-mouth and partial-mouth scaling and root planing in treating chronic periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Journal Periodontology, 80(8):1237-1245. https://doi:10.1902/jop.2009.090030
Thaler, K., Kaminski, A., Chapman, A., Langley, T., & Gartlehner, G. (2009). Bach Flower Remedies for psychological problems and pain: a systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 9:16. https://doi:10.1186/1472-6882-9-16
Tsobgny-Tsague, N. F., Lontchi-Yimagou, E., Nana, A. R. N., Tankeu, A. T., Katte, J. C., Dehayem M. Y., Bengondo, C. M., & Sobngwi, E. (2018). Effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on glycated haemoglobin on type 2 diabetes patients (PARODIA 1 study): a randomized controlled trial in a sub-Saharan Africa population. BMC Oral Health, 18(1):28. https://doi:10.1186/s12903-018-0479-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Raquel Alves do Carmo; Camila Possal de Paula; Ana Carolina Organista Cörner; Gabriela Alessandra da Cruz Gahardo Camargo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
