Encefalitis anti-receptor NMDA: una revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40220

Palabras clave:

Encefalitis por anti-receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato; Encefalitis; Enfermedades autoinmunes del sistema nervioso; Autoinmunidad.

Resumen

Introducción: La encefalitis autoinmune se relaciona con un grupo de enfermedades inflamatorias del sistema nervioso central, siendo una clase en la que existe producción de anticuerpos contra autoantígenos. Las neuroinfecciones virales son desencadenantes conocidos de la encefalitis por anti-receptor de NMDA. Objetivo: el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una mejor comprensión de la patología en cuestión. Método: Se refiere a una revisión de la literatura, utilizando las bases de datos: PubMed y Scielo como motores de búsqueda. Se incluyeron obras en inglés, portugués y español, completas y relacionadas con el tema principal. Se excluyeron trabajos incompletos, en otros idiomas y que discutieran encefalitis exclusivamente por causas tumorales. En total, 77 artículos conformaron el corpus analítico de la investigación. Resultados y Discusión: Las neuroinfecciones virales se encuentran entre las principales etiologías de la encefalitis anti-receptor NMDA. Afecta clásicamente a mujeres jóvenes con una presentación aguda o subaguda de síntomas psiquiátricos, epilepsia, deterioro cognitivo, disminución del nivel de conciencia y disfunción autonómica. El diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos y pruebas de laboratorio. El tratamiento inicial consiste en el uso de corticoides. Tiene buen pronóstico cuando las medidas terapéuticas se inician precozmente. Conclusión: Con una presentación clínica variable, esta patología se presenta como un desafío diagnóstico. Se necesitan nuevos estudios que eluciden la fisiopatología relacionada con la encefalitis anti-receptor NMDA causada por infecciones virales.

Citas

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Publicado

17/03/2023

Cómo citar

SANTOS, T. F. dos; AYACH, M. N. .; JORGE, J. V. M. .; SKAFF, G. B. .; RODRIGUES, B. dos R. D. L. .; RODRIGUES NETO, C. D. L. .; DOMINGOS, I. L. .; PINHEIRO , M. E. de L. .; MARINI, A. C. dos S. .; LACERDA, A. B. de .; SANTIAGO, L. M. .; WIMMER, L. L. .; SILVA, B. M. B. A. da .; TAVARES, M. A. de S. B. . Encefalitis anti-receptor NMDA: una revisión de la literatura . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. e25812340220, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40220. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/40220. Acesso em: 22 dic. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud