Modulación de la microbiota intestinal en individuos alcohólicos: una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40668Palabras clave:
Alcohol; Microbiota intestinal; Endotoxemia; Salud.Resumen
Debido a que el consumo de alcohol ha aumentado, y que esta molécula puede promover varios cambios, el objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue describir el metabolismo del etanol y su relación con la microbiota intestinal, así como las enfermedades asociadas a ambos. Se utilizaron artículos en la elaboración de la revisión narrativa. La dependencia del alcohol representa un importante problema de salud pública que afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo. El consumo crónico de alcohol se relaciona con el aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal, favoreciendo cambios significativos en la composición de la microbiota intestinal y permitiendo que los componentes bacterianos se transloquen, y lleguen a la circulación portal y sistémica. Los productos bacterianos que viajan a través de la circulación son reconocidos por las células del sistema inmunológico, las cuales liberan citocinas proinflamatorias y aumentan la formación de especies reactivas de oxígeno y nitrógeno, así como el estrés celular. El consumo de alcohol también está relacionado con el desequilibrio cualitativo de los microorganismos en el intestinal grueso, donde hay menos abundancia de Bacteroidetes y mayores Proteobacteria en individuos alcoholistas en comparación con la salud. Se concluye que la ingesta crónica de alcohol modifica la microbiota intestinal y contribuye a la disbiosis intestinal.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Bianca Ferreira de Santana; Martha Elisa Ferreira de Almeida; Beatriz Barakat ; Lucas Inácio de Loyola Vinha; Madalena Geralda Cupertino Ribeiro; Gabrielly Senna Parussolo
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