Disbiosis intestinal en obesos: Una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i4.40980Palabras clave:
Microbioma; Prebióticos; Obesidad; Disbiosis.Resumen
La obesidad se caracteriza por el exceso de tejido adiposo en la composición corporal del individuo, como resultado de una ingesta calórica superior al gasto energético combinado con multifactores, especialmente la genética, el medio ambiente y el sedentarismo. Los hábitos alimentarios de una dieta occidental (alimentos ricos en grasas saturadas, azúcares refinados y bajo aporte de fibra y polifenoles) influyen en la menor diversidad del phylum Bacterioidetes, caracterizando el cuadro de disbiosis intestinal. Este artículo de revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivo describir la relación entre la obesidad y la disbiosis, relatando algunos aspectos metabólicos de la obesidad, e enfatizando cambios en la microbiota intestinal. La disbiosis intestinal aliada a malos hábitos alimentarios debilita la unión de células firmemente adheridas en el intestino, provocando una mayor permeabilidad intestinal que se traduce en una inflamación sistémica de bajo grado por el reclutamiento de células inmunes y el aumento de proteínas inflamatorias [factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF) -α), interleucina 6 (IL-6)] y especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), debido a la translocación de bacterias gramnegativas y sus metabolitos tóxicos conocidos como lipopolisacáridos (LPS) en el suero. Una menor diversidad microbiana entre los filos que caracteriza la disbiosis intestinal Como resultado, algunos tratamientos como el uso de prebióticos y probióticos combinados con una dieta equilibrada rica en cereales integrales, baja en azúcares refinados y ácidos grasos saturados pueden aumentar la diversidad del microbioma reduciendo estos marcadores inflamatorios y mejorando parámetros bioquímicos importantes con o glucosa en sangre y triglicéridos séricos.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Lucas Inácio de Loyola Vinha; Martha Elisa Ferreira de Almeida; Beatriz Barakat ; Bianca Ferreira de Santana; Madalena Geralda Cupertino Ribeiro; Gabrielly Senna Parussolo
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Los autores que publican en esta revista concuerdan con los siguientes términos:
1) Los autores mantienen los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de primera publicación, con el trabajo simultáneamente licenciado bajo la Licencia Creative Commons Attribution que permite el compartir el trabajo con reconocimiento de la autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
2) Los autores tienen autorización para asumir contratos adicionales por separado, para distribución no exclusiva de la versión del trabajo publicada en esta revista (por ejemplo, publicar en repositorio institucional o como capítulo de libro), con reconocimiento de autoría y publicación inicial en esta revista.
3) Los autores tienen permiso y son estimulados a publicar y distribuir su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su página personal) a cualquier punto antes o durante el proceso editorial, ya que esto puede generar cambios productivos, así como aumentar el impacto y la cita del trabajo publicado.
