Prevalencia de la neuropatía somática de fibras pequeñas en ancianos: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i6.41978Palabras clave:
Neuropatía de fibras pequeñas; Ancianos; Neuralgia.Resumen
La neuropatía somática de fibras pequeñas (NSFP) es una enfermedad neuromuscular que afecta a los nervios periféricos y provoca cambios estructurales y funcionales que afectan a las fibras pequeñas mielinizadas (Aδ) y no mielinizadas (C), y cuyos mecanismos fisiopatológicos no están bien dilucidados, sino que dependen de la etiología subyacente. Debido a la falta de estudios sobre esta patología, es probable que esté infradiagnosticada, lo cual es un problema, ya que esta enfermedad en las personas mayores puede provocar múltiples efectos negativos en la vida diaria debido al dolor neuropático, las parestesias y la disautonomía de varios sistemas. El diagnóstico clínico de esta patología se basa en los datos de la historia clínica y la exploración física, así como en algunas exploraciones y pruebas complementarias, como el test de reflejo axonal sudomotor cuantitativo (QSART). Además, el tratamiento de la enfermedad sigue siendo limitado y la mayoría de los enfoques se centran en el control de los síntomas, como el dolor neuropático. El presente estudio consiste en una revisión narrativa de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos Medline, en el período de 2010 a 2022, sobre neuropatía de fibra pequeña, anciano y neuralgia, utilizando la terminología indicada por el Sistema Descriptor de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS), y tiene como objetivo destacar la relevancia de la asociación de las comorbilidades seniles y el proceso de envejecimiento con la neuropatía somática de fibra pequeña. Así pues, son de suma importancia los estudios futuros que investiguen los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la NSFP, así como los estudios dirigidos al desarrollo de métodos de diagnóstico más eficaces.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Alan Bessa Aguiar; Isabella Araujo Duarte; Gabriel Romão Mesquita do Nascimento; José de Ribamar Barroso Jucá Neto; André Bessa Aguiar; Micael Porto Portela Lima; Ruan Braga Santiago;. Alexandre Chaves Fernandes; Júlio César Claudino dos Santos
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