Automedicación en el contexto de la COVID-19, los peligros de la práctica y factores associados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i6.42039Palabras clave:
Automedicación; COVID-19; Efectos colaterales y reacciones adversas relacionados con medicamentos.Resumen
Introducción: Con la pandemia del COVID-19, muchas personas buscaron alternativas de tratamiento o prevención de la enfermedad y se adhirieron a la automedicación, sin tener en cuenta los posibles riesgos. Objetivo: Caracterizar la automedicación en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, sus peligros y factores asociados. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura, con búsquedas en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando los siguientes Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): “COVID-19” y “automedicación” y el operador booleano “AND” , buscando artículos completos publicados gratuitamente en los últimos cinco años en inglés, portugués o español. Se encontraron un total de 57 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 10 para lectura completa con el fin de responder a la siguiente pregunta orientadora: “¿Cuáles son los peligros, factores asociados y características de la automedicación durante la pandemia de COVID-19?”. Resultados: La automedicación fue practicada por, en promedio, un tercio de la población durante la pandemia. Profesionales de la salud, estudiantes de medicina y mujeres se automedican más. Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron antibióticos, ivermectina, antipalúdicos, AINE y paracetamol, además de suplementos dietéticos como zinc, vitamina C y complejos multivitamínicos. Los participantes del estudio tuvieron fácil acceso a estos medicamentos. También se han informado terapias tradicionales. Conclusión: La automedicación estuvo muy presente, con características heterogéneas de distribución poblacional. La mayoría de los medicamentos se usaron sin indicación y algunos pueden presentar riesgos considerables para la salud. Son necesarios más estudios sobre el tema.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Francisco Samuel Estrela Dantas; Vanessa Erika Abrantes Coutinho; Rodolfo de Abreu Carolino; Thaise de Abreu Brasileiro Sarmento; Caio Visalli Lucena da Cunha; Camila Pereira da Silva; Matheus Leite Ferreira
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