Evoluciones diagnósticas en el cribado de la preeclampsia: Una revisión integradora

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42726

Palabras clave:

Preeclampsia; Embarazo; Evolución clínica; Procedimientos diagnósticos.

Resumen

La preeclampsia se caracteriza por la elevación de la presión arterial sistólica por encima de 140 mmHg y/o la presión arterial diastólica por encima de 90 mmHg después de la vigésima semana de gestación en mujeres previamente normotensas asociadas con proteinuria o disfunción de órganos diana. Tiene un amplio efecto en múltiples sistemas, afectando tanto la salud materna como la fetal. El estudio se basó en cuestionar los cambios utilizados en el tamizaje de la preeclampsia que permitieron un diagnóstico temprano y certero de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar comparativamente los cambios a lo largo de los años y los nuevos adyuvantes utilizados en las investigaciones de la preeclampsia. Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura, a partir de artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2023 y consultados en las bases de datos: PubMed, BVS, Google Scholar y SciELO. Se utilizaron terminologías registradas en los Descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCs). Se concluye que es fundamental utilizar métodos de predicción y diagnóstico precoz, identificando gestantes de riesgo e iniciando medidas preventivas adecuadas.

Citas

ACOG. (2019). Practice Bulletin No. 202: Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia. Obstetrics and gynecology. 133(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003018

ACOG. (2013). Task force on hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 122(5): 1122 -31“

Ananth, C. V., & Vintzileos, A. M. (2008). Medically Indicated Preterm Birth: Recognizing the Importance of the Problem. Clinics in Perinatology, 35(1), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2007.11.001

Atis, A., Tandogan, T., Aydin, Y., Sen, C., Turgay, F., Eren, N., & Goker, N. (2011). Late pregnancy associated plasma protein A levels decrease in preterm labor. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 24(7), 923–927. https://doi.org/10.3109/14767058.2010.531320

Brown, M. A., Magee, L. A., Kenny, L. C. et al. (2018). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis, and management recommendations for international practice. Hypertension. 72: 24-43.

Costa, A. G., Spara, P., Costa, T. de O., & Tejo Neto, W. R. (2010). Índices de resistência e pulsatilidade das artérias uterinas no primeiro e segundo trimestres de gestações normais. Radiologia Brasileira, 43, 161–165. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-39842010000300006

Erez, O., Romero, R., Jung, E., Chaemsaithong, P., Bosco, M., Suksai, M., Gallo, D. M., & Gotsch, F. (2022). Preeclampsia and eclampsia: the conceptual evolution of a syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 226(2), S786–S803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.001

FEBRASGO. (2021). Pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia. Protocolo FEBRASGO – Obstetrícia Comissão Nacional Especializada em Gestação de alto Risco. Febrasgo. 73.

Gomes, H. C. dos S., Cabral, A. C. V., & Teixeira, P. G. (2018). Biomarkers used in predicting pre-eclâmpsia. Revista Médica de Minas Gerais, 28. https://doi.org/10.5935/2238-3182.20180160

Huppertz, B. (2008). Placental Origins of Preeclampsia. Hypertension, 51(4), 970–975. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.107607

Hypertension in Pregnancy. (2013). Obstetrics & Gynecology, 122(5), 1122–1131. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000437382.03963.88

Lees, C. C., Stampalija, T., Baschat, A. A., Silva Costa, F., Ferrazzi, E., Figueras, F., Hecher, K., Kingdom, J., Poon, L. C., Salomon, L. J., & Unterscheider, J. (2020). ISUOG Practice Guidelines: diagnosis and management of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus and fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 56(2), 298–312. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.22134

Linge, L. L., Sugulle, M., Wallukat, G., Dechend, R., & Staff, A. C. (2023). Circulating angiotensin II type I receptor – autoantibodies in diabetic pregnancies. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 155, 103777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2022.103777

Lins, E. V. D., Oliveira, G. S., Quental, O. B. de, Santana, J. D., Elias, K. L., Souza, A. C. de, Santos, R. de C. P., Souza, K. C., & Medeiros, R. L. S. F. M. de. (2022). Hipertensão gestacional e o risco de pré-eclâmpsia. Research, Society and Development, 11(8), e29111831197. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i8.31197

Melchiorre, K., Wormald, B., Leslie, K., Bhide, A., & Thilaganathan, B. (2008). First-trimester uterine artery Doppler indices in term and preterm pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 32(2), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.5400

Murphy, D. J., & Stirrat, G. M. (2000). Mortality and morbidity associated with early-onset preeclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy, 19(2), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1081/prg-100100138

Ness, R. B., & Sibai, B. M. (2006). Shared and disparate components of the pathophysiologies of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 195(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.07.049

Oliveira, L. G. de, Karumanchi, A., & Sass, N. (2010). Pré-eclâmpsia: estresse oxidativo, inflamação e disfunção endotelial. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E Obstetrícia, 32(12), 609–616. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-72032010001200008

Pereira, M. M., Torrado, J., Sosa, C., Zócalo, Y., & Bia, D. (2021). Role of arterial impairment in preeclampsia: soul the paradigm shift? American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 320(5), H2011–H2030. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01005.2021

Poon, L. C., Shennan, A., Hyett, J. A., Kapur, A., Hadar, E., Divakar, H., McAuliffe, F., da Silva Costa, F., von Dadelszen, P., McIntyre, H. D., Kihara, A. B., Di Renzo, G. C., Romero, R., D'Alton, M., Berghella, V., Nicolaides, K. H., & Hod, M. (2019). The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on pre-eclampsia: A pragmatic guide for first-trimester screening and prevention. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 145 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.12802

Prata, LF da C., Jesus, DRS de, Rodrigues, G. da S., & Lucena, IEV (2022). O papel do doppler de artérias uterinas no rastreamento da pré-eclâmpsia: o papel do doppler da artéria uterina no rastreamento da pré-eclâmpsia. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 5 (6), 22556–22567. https://doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n6-056

Sá, C. P. N. de, Jiménez, M. F., Rosa, M. W., Arlindo, E. M., Ayub, A. C. K., Cardoso, R. B., Kreitchmann, R., & El Beitune, P. (2020). Evaluation of Angiogenic Factors (PlGF and sFlt-1) in Pre-eclampsia Diagnosis. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics, 42(11), 697–704. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713916

Rana, S., Lemoine, E., Granger, J. P., & Karumanchi, S. A. (2019). Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology, Challenges, and Perspectives. Circulation research, 124(7), 1094–1112. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313276

Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. (2000). American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 183(1), S1–S22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10920346/

Reis, Z. S. N., Lage, E. M., Teixeira, P. G., Porto, L. B., Guedes, L. R., Oliveira, É. C. L. de, & Cabral, A. C. V. (2010). Pré-eclâmpsia precoce e tardia: uma classificação mais adequada para o prognóstico materno e perinatal? Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E Obstetrícia, 32(12), 584–590. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-72032010001200004

Sibai, B., Dekker, G., & Kupferminc, M. (2005). Pre-eclampsia. The Lancet, 365(9461), 785–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17987-2

Silasi, M., Cohen, B., Karumanchi, S. A., & Rana, S. (2010). Abnormal placentation, angiogenic factors, and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America, 37(2), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2010.02.013

Soares T. da C., Santana L. C. B., Soares T. da C., Ferreira J. C. S. C., Luz A. de C., Vilarinho M. de F. S. B., Leal J. D. V., Oliveira V. A. de, Almeida J. R. de, Araújo V. S. de, & Andrade R. F. de. (2019). Fatores de risco relacionados a pré-eclâmpsia: uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Revista Eletrônica Acervo Saúde, (20), e437. https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e437.2019

Sotiriadis, A., Hernandez‐Andrade, E., da Silva Costa, F., Ghi, T., Glanc, P., Khalil, A., Martins, W. P., Odibo, A. O., Papageorghiou, A. T., Salomon, L. J., & Thilaganathan, B. (2018). ISUOG Practice Guidelines: role of ultrasound in screening for and follow‐up of pre‐eclampsia. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 53(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.20105

Steegers, E. A., von Dadelszen, P., Duvekot, J. J., & Pijnenborg, R. (2010). Pre-eclampsia. Lancet (London, England), 376(9741), 631–644. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60279-6

Stepan, H., Herraiz, I., Schlembach, D., Verlohren, S., Brennecke, S., Chantraine, F., Klein, E., Lapaire, O., Llurba, E., Ramoni, A., Vatish, M., Wertaschnigg, D., & Galindo, A. (2015). Implementation of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio for prediction and diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in singleton pregnancy: implications for clinical practice. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 45(3), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14799

Tan, M. Y., Wright, D., Syngelaki, A., Akolekar, R., Cicero, S., Janga, D., Singh, M., Greco, E., Wright, A., Maclagan, K., Poon, L. C., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2018). Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of early screening for pre-eclampsia by NICE guidelines and a method combining maternal factors and biomarkers: results of SPREE. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 51(6), 743–750. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.19039

Tanner, M. S., Davey, M.-A., Mol, B. W., & Rolnik, D. L. (2022). The evolution of the diagnostic criteria of preeclampsia-eclampsia. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 226(2), S835–S843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.1371

VanWijk, M. J., Kublickiene, K., Boer, K., & VanBavel, E. (2000). Vascular function in preeclampsia. Cardiovascular Research, 47(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(00)00087-0

Von Dadelszen, P., Magee, L. A., & Roberts, J. M. (2003). Subclassification of Preeclampsia. Hypertension in Pregnancy, 22(2), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.1081/prg-120021060

Zeisler, H., Llurba, E., Chantraine, F., Vatish, M., Staff, A. C., Sennström, M., Olovsson, M., Brennecke, S. P., Stepan, H., Allegranza, D., Dilba, P., Schoedl, M., Hund, M., & Verlohren, S. (2016). Predictive Value of the sFlt-1:PlGF Ratio in Women with Suspected Preeclampsia. The New England Journal of medicine, 374(1), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414838

Zhong, Y., Zhu, F., & Ding, Y. (2015). Serum screening in first trimester to predict pre-eclampsia, small for gestational age and preterm delivery: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0608-y

Publicado

01/08/2023

Cómo citar

GASPARI, L. V. .; CHIARADIA , C. F. C. .; REQUEIJO , M. J. R. . Evoluciones diagnósticas en el cribado de la preeclampsia: Una revisión integradora. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 7, p. e17812742726, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i7.42726. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/42726. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud