Mecanismo químico de entrecruzamiento para la obtención de hidrogeles: Síntesis, condiciones de entrecruzamiento y aplicaciones biofarmacêuticas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i8.43072Palabras clave:
Hidrogeles; Reticulación de hidrogel; Reticulación química; Aplicaciones biomédicas.Resumen
Los hidrogeles son matrices poliméricas tridimensionales con aplicaciones biomédicas reconocidas. Los hidrogeles entrecruzados químicamente ofrecen una mayor estabilidad mecánica que los hidrogeles entrecruzados físicamente debido a los enlaces covalentes entre sus cadenas poliméricas. La preparación de hidrogeles por entrecruzamiento químico involucra tres componentes básicos: monómero, iniciador y agente de entrecruzamiento, los cuales deben estar presentes en proporciones que no alteren la integridad del hidrogel. El mecanismo de entrecruzamiento químico puede diseñarse a partir de reacciones entre grupos funcionales complementarios, reacciones por luz ultravioleta, polimerización radicalaria, irradiación de alta energía, entre otras. En esta revisión, revisamos los mecanismos de reticulación química que involucran polímeros sintéticos o naturales. Finalmente, se discuten las aplicaciones biomédicas de los hidrogeles, como la administración de fármacos, el cultivo celular, la ingeniería de tejidos, la terapia contra el cáncer, entre otras.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Edmilson Clarindo de Siqueira; José Adonias Alves de França ; Ronny Francisco Marques de Souza; Dilmo Marques da Silva Leoterio; José Nunes Cordeiro; Bogdan Doboszewski
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