Uso de sildenafil para el tratamiento de la hypertension pulmonary persistente neonatal

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i1.44910

Palabras clave:

Síndrome de circulación fetal persistente; Citrato de sildenafil; Unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal.

Resumen

Introducción: La hipertensión pulmonar persistente del recién nacido es una patología respiratoria y vascular neonatal con una alta tasa de mortalidad, además su prevalencia es de 1 a 2 por 1000 nacidos vivos, representando entre el 8% y el 10% de las muertes neonatales. El enfoque terapéutico implica apoyar el reclutamiento pulmonar y la vasodilatación farmacológica, en particular sildenafil. Metodología: El estudio es una revisión narrativa de la literatura que se realizó a partir de la base de datos PUBMED utilizando las palabras clave “Hipertensión Pulmonar Persistente del Recién Nacido” y “Sildenafil”, con el filtro temporal en los últimos 30 años (1994-2023). Discusión: Fisiológicamente, durante la vida fetal, los pulmones permanecen llenos de líquidos, pero inmediatamente después del nacimiento, la resistencia vascular pulmonar disminuye drásticamente, permitiendo que la tensión alveolar de oxígeno y la ventilación sean posibles. Sin embargo, en la patogénesis de la hipertensión pulmonar persistente neonatal existe un aumento de la resistencia vascular pulmonar y una remodelación de la estructura vascular después del nacimiento, que potencian esta vasoconstricción exagerada, por lo que el examen estándar para investigar la patología es la ecocardiografía. Sildenafil es un fármaco utilizado para tratar la hipertensión pulmonar persistente neonatal, ya que mejora el flujo sanguíneo y el suministro de oxígeno a los tejidos, a través de su fisiofarmacología dirigida a la vasodilatación secundaria a la inhibición de la fosfodiesterasa-5. Conclusión: La hipertensión pulmonar persistente neonatal sigue siendo una de las principales patologías neonatales con alta morbilidad y mortalidad en la población neonatal, debido a la complejidad de las presentaciones y la variación en las respuestas terapéuticas a la farmacoterapia.

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Publicado

31/01/2024

Cómo citar

JUCÁ NETO, J. de R. B. .; MAPURUNGA, Ângela R. .; BELCHIOR, A. G. .; COSTA, F. R. .; BOSCOV, V. T. . Uso de sildenafil para el tratamiento de la hypertension pulmonary persistente neonatal. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. e14713144910, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i1.44910. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/44910. Acesso em: 22 dic. 2024.

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