Uso de psilocibina en el tratamiento de trastornos psiquiátricos: Revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i2.44971

Palabras clave:

Trastornos mentales; Psilocibina; Alucinógenos; Psiquiatría.

Resumen

Objetivo: Describir las informaciones disponibles en la literatura acerca del uso de la psilocibina en el tratamiento de los trastornos psiquiátricos, mecanismos de acción y de toxicidad, entre otras informaciones relevantes sobre la temática. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión de literatura narrativa, que permite la síntesis de múltiples estudios publicados y posibilita conclusiones generales acerca de un determinado objeto. Las búsquedas ocurrieron entre los meses de septiembre y diciembre de 2023, en las bases de datos: PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, SciELO y Google Académico. El análisis crítico de los estudios y la síntesis de los datos bibliográficos fueron realizados de forma descriptiva, agrupados por temas pertinentes al tema estudiado. Resultados: En la literatura se observan estudios que relacionan psilocibina con la mejora de los síntomas de la depresión y ansiedad, teniendo en cuenta su mecanismo de acción, pues la psilocibina actuará principalmente como agonista del receptor 5-HT2A, actuando en el sistema serotoninérgico amplificando la acción de la serotonina en la hendidura sináptica y promoviendo alteraciones cualitativas y cuantitativas del funcionamiento cerebral. En cuanto a la evaluación de la toxicidad de esta sustancia, la psilocibina se considera generalmente de baja toxicidad, no genera dependencia física. Conclusión: Ante lo expuesto, se verifica un potencial de ese alucinógeno para el tratamiento de trastornos psiquiátricos, como depresión y ansiedad. Sin embargo, aún son necesarios más estudios para entender mejor la eficacia de la psilocibina, sus riesgos y beneficios, así como verificar aspectos regulatorios y protocolos para su uso seguro y racional.

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Publicado

09/02/2024

Cómo citar

TEIXEIRA, G. B. .; PASSOS, A. C. de B. .; FARIAS, B. V. .; GIRÃO , A. B. C. F. .; MARÇAL, L. da S. .; ALBUQUERQUE, K. O. dos S. .; FERREIRA, M. A. D. . Uso de psilocibina en el tratamiento de trastornos psiquiátricos: Revisión de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. e2813244971, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i2.44971. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/44971. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2024.

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