Necesidad de tratamiento dental en personas con discapacidad bajo anestesia general: Un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i5.45724

Palabras clave:

Discapacidad intelectual; Parálisis cerebral; Trastorno del espectro autista; Síndrome de Down; Salud bucal.

Resumen

Se realizó un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo con el objetivo de comparar la necesidad de tratamiento odontológico, realizado bajo anestesia general (AG) en individuos con discapacidad intelectual (DI), parálisis cerebral (PC), trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) o síndrome de Down (SD) atendido en el servicio de odontología del Hospital São Julião, en Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Se recogieron datos de 790 fichas odontológicas de individuos de ambos sexos con necesidades especiales de salud (NEE) entre 0 y 59 años de edad, que fueron sometidos a tratamiento bajo anestesia general (AG). Los pacientes fueron evaluados, con base en las historias clínicas, los individuos fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: G1 (DI [n=321]); G2 (PC [n=285]); G3 (TEA [n=131]); y G4 (DS [n=53]). En quirófano se realizaron procedimientos preventivos, reparadores y quirúrgicos; el estadio de la enfermedad de caries se evaluó utilizando el instrumento Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (es decir, CAST). Para las comparaciones se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y análisis de varianza, con un nivel de significación del 5%. Hubo mayor porcentaje de hombres (p=0,0062) y de individuos entre 19 y 35 años (p<0,0001). Los grupos difirieron significativamente (p<0,05) en términos de edad media, siendo G3 el más joven. Con respecto al instrumento CAST, los sujetos de G1 y G2 tuvieron un porcentaje significativamente mayor de código 7 (p<0,01 [prueba de chi-cuadrado]). Doce meses después del primer procedimiento realizado bajo GA, solo el 16,45% volvió para una segunda cita. La necesidad de tratamiento odontológico se acumuló en los cuatro grupos, con mayor número de sujetos diagnosticados de DI y PC (es decir, G1 y G3, respectivamente).

Citas

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Publicado

26/05/2024

Cómo citar

PACHECO, V. B. .; BAEDER, F. M. .; CORAZZA, P. F. L. .; MOTTA, E. .; MARTINI , K. D. .; ZAFFALON, G. T. .; MAGALHÃES , J. C. de A. .; FERREIRA, A. C. F. M. .; SANTOS, M. T. B. R. dos . Necesidad de tratamiento dental en personas con discapacidad bajo anestesia general: Un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 5, p. e11813545724, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i5.45724. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/45724. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud