Terapia inmunobiológica en el tratamiento del asma grave
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i5.45933Palabras clave:
Asma; Antiasmáticos; Tratamiento biológico.Resumen
Introducción: El asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria, crónica y heterogénea que afecta principalmente las vías respiratorias inferiores, las cuales presentan síntomas respiratorios inespecíficos. En la mayoría de los casos el asma tiene un buen manejo terapéutico, pero cada vez son más los diagnósticos de asma grave que requieren el uso de inmunobiológicos. El presente estudio pretende proporcionar un análisis detallado desde el punto de vista terapéutico y farmacológico de los principales inmunobiológicos. Metodología: Se realizó la revisión narrativa de la literatura a partir de la base de datos PUBMED utilizando las palabras clave “Asma Severa”, “Tratamiento” y “Terapia Biológica”, con el filtro de tiempo en los últimos 10 años, lo que resultó en 56 artículos, el resto fueron descartados por no tener título o resumen directamente relacionado con las palabras clave o por tener restricciones de acceso en línea. Resultados y Discusión: Debido al mayor conocimiento sobre la fisiopatología del Asma, ya que presenta diferentes vías de activación inflamatoria, en particular, las vías de activación de los linfocitos B IgE, la respuesta Th2, la acción de la IL-5 que recluta neutrófilos y otras células inflamatorias, entre otras interleucinas. En este contexto, el uso de inmunobiológicos, por ejemplo, Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, Dupilumab y Tezepelumab, en casos refractarios a la terapia convencional, se destacan como una alternativa asertiva y fisiológica dado el contexto patológico que se desarrolla en el asma grave. Conclusión: El asma no controlada y el asma grave son afecciones refractarias al tratamiento convencional del asma, dentro del espectro de posibles complicaciones que pueden surgir si no se inician terapias avanzadas.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2024 David Evangelista Barros de Oliveira; Carlos Gustavo Alves Leitão; Fernanda Oliveira Falcão; João Pedro de Paiva Torquato; José de Ribamar Barroso Jucá Neto; Marcela Alina Jereissati de Castro; Simone Castelo Branco Fortaleza
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