Una revisión de las definiciones de “esfuerzo” en artículos publicados en Journal of the Experimental Behavior Analysis (JEAB) y Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i5.45975Palabras clave:
Esfuerzo físico; Conducta; Revisión sistemática.Resumen
A través de una revisión de la literatura, este trabajo mapeó las concepciones analíticas conductuales de “esfuerzo” presentadas en las dos primeras revistas especializadas en análisis de conducta: JEAB y JABA. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, organizar y presentar diferentes conceptualizaciones de la definición de esfuerzo en publicaciones analítico-conductuales, así como categorizar las manipulaciones experimentales utilizadas para investigar esta variable en estudios publicados en JEAB y JABA. Se seleccionaron artículos que definían el “esfuerzo” como una de las variables experimentales. Se encontraron cuatro categorías de definiciones de “esfuerzo”: (1) esfuerzo como requisitos del programa de refuerzo; (2) esfuerzo como exigencia física requerida para cada respuesta; (3) esfuerzo como requisitos de distancia o altura; (4) esfuerzo como complejidad general de la tarea. Se observó una mayor preponderancia de manipulaciones de Categoría 2 en los artículos de JEAB y de Categoría 3 en JABA. A pesar de la variedad en las definiciones de esfuerzo, se observa que (a) es un concepto que describe una característica intrínseca de la respuesta si consideramos que cualquier acción requiere algún nivel de esfuerzo y que (b) su definición varía según la disposición de contingencias en las que se comporta el organismo.
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