Autismo en el DSM-5-TR, ¿qué ha cambiado?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i9.46866Palabras clave:
Autismo; Clasificación; DSM; Diagnóstico; Espectro autista.Resumen
La nosología del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es históricamente muy reciente, ya que apareció por primera vez como categoría propia en 1980, y antes se consideraba un tipo de esquizofrenia infantil. En la actualidad, el autismo se entiende como un trastorno del neurodesarrollo cuya característica más llamativa es un déficit persistente en las habilidades de comunicación e interacción social, que afecta a una prevalencia de 1 de cada 36 niños, según los CDC. La definición y los criterios más aceptados del trastorno se basan en los principales manuales, a saber, el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM) y el Código Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE), que tratan de adaptarse a las nuevas actualizaciones científicas y socioculturales para que los modelos de diagnóstico sean más claros y fiables. En 2022 se publicó la revisión de la quinta edición del DSM (DSM-5-TR), que conllevó algunos cambios tanto en los criterios como en la redacción de la condición para el TEA. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar un estudio de los cambios introducidos por el DSM-5-TR en la categoría de TEA, así como discutir los contextos y las razones que subyacen a estos cambios.
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