Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de Medicina: Uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Cleison Gaspar da  Silva; Felipe Rodrigues Noguerol  Barros; Guilherme Camelo do  Prado; Luiz Gustavo Peron  Martins

doi:10.33448/rsd-v13i9.46962

Autores/as

Cleison Gaspar da Silva Faculdade de Medicina Dracena-Unifadra https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1646-2551
Felipe Rodrigues Noguerol Barros Faculdade de Medicina Dracena-Unifadra https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6090-6641
Guilherme Camelo do Prado Faculdade de Medicina Dracena-Unifadra https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7747-740X
Luiz Gustavo Peron Martins Faculdade de Medicina Dracana-Unifadra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6434

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i9.46962

Palabras clave:

Síndrome de Agotamiento; Estudiantes de Medicina; Apoyo Social; Enseñanza; Agotamiento Emocional; Enseñanza en Salud.

Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio fue comprender cómo el síndrome de Burnout afecta a los estudiantes de medicina. La revisión integradora de la literatura se preparó de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis. Las búsquedas en bases de datos se realizaron con las estrategias de búsqueda “(medical Students[Title]) AND (burnout[Title])” en PubMed y “(ti:(medical Students)) AND (ti:(Burnout))“ en LILACS y SciELO . Los criterios de inclusión considerados fueron la disponibilidad del texto completo gratuito, el idioma inglés o portugués, la publicación realizada entre enero de 2014 y julio de 2024, la población de estudio compuesta únicamente por estudiantes de medicina. De cada artículo incluido se extrajeron los siguientes datos: autoría, año, país, objetivos, diseño, principales resultados y limitaciones. La literatura científica ha demostrado gran heterogeneidad en las tasas de prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de medicina, alcanzando el 17% en estudios brasileños. Los factores de alto riesgo para el síndrome de Burnout entre los estudiantes de medicina fueron el estrés crónico, el sexo femenino, la edad menor de 25 años, estar en el primer o último año de graduación, la preocupación empática, la falta de apoyo social, los bajos niveles de actividad física y los trastornos del sueño. Las estrategias más utilizadas para afrontar el estrés fueron buscar apoyo de amigos o familiares, practicar ejercicio físico y actividades relajantes, que actúan como factores protectores del Burnout, así como la empatía, el género masculino, la edad avanzada y el compromiso académico.

Citas

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Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de Medicina: Una revisión integradora de la literatura

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