Métodos de diagnóstico por imágenes y tratamientos quirúrgicos para la malrotación intestinal en la población pediátrica: Una revisión integradora

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47767

Palabras clave:

Vólvulo intestinal; Obstrucción intestinal; Imágenes diagnósticas; Laparoscopia.

Resumen

La malrotación intestinal es una anomalía congénita caracterizada por una rotación incompleta o anómala del intestino durante el desarrollo embrionario, lo que lleva a diversas complicaciones, como el vólvulo intestinal y obstrucciones. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo analizar diferentes modalidades de imagen diagnóstica utilizadas para identificar la malrotación intestinal en pacientes pediátricos, evaluando sus ventajas, limitaciones y contribuciones para un diagnóstico temprano y preciso. El estudio se basó en una revisión de la literatura sobre técnicas como ultrasonografía, tomografía computarizada (TC) y serie gastrointestinal superior con contraste. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), PubMed y Google Scholar utilizando los descriptores “malrotación intestinal”, “imagen diagnóstica” y “vólvulo intestinal”. Los resultados indican que la ultrasonografía es la herramienta diagnóstica de primera línea debido a su naturaleza no invasiva y alta efectividad en la identificación del vólvulo, especialmente en niños. Sin embargo, la tomografía computarizada (TC) proporciona una evaluación más detallada de la anatomía mesentérica y se recomienda cuando la ultrasonografía no es concluyente. La serie gastrointestinal superior con contraste sigue siendo el estándar de oro para confirmar la malrotación. Se concluye que el uso integrado de estas modalidades de imagen es esencial para un diagnóstico preciso y rápido, facilitando la selección del tratamiento quirúrgico adecuado, como el procedimiento de Ladd, que corrige la malrotación y previene complicaciones graves, como la isquemia intestinal.

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Publicado

13/12/2024

Cómo citar

FRANCO, G. H. G. .; BERNARDES, C. Q. .; BARBOSA , M. M. S. .; SILVA, T. M. da . Métodos de diagnóstico por imágenes y tratamientos quirúrgicos para la malrotación intestinal en la población pediátrica: Una revisión integradora. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 12, p. e151131247767, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i12.47767. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/47767. Acesso em: 7 ene. 2025.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud