Biorremediación de aguas residuales de ríos urbanos utilizando microalgas Chlorella vulgaris para generar biomasa con potencial la producción de biodiesel
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.4882Palabras clave:
Biodiesel; contenido de lípidos; microalgas; aguas residuales urbanas; energías renovables.Resumen
La producción de biocombustibles a través de la biomasa de microalgas representa una nueva generación de materias primas de fuentes renovables para satisfacer los clamores de la sociedad y la creciente inserción en el mercado de combustibles de productos que podrían otorgarle al planeta un futuro sostenible. El presente estudio evalúa la biomasa obtenida de las microalgas Chlorella vulgaris cuando se cultiva en aguas residuales urbanas, extrayendo los lípidos de la biomasa y realizando un análisis de cromatografía de gases de la composición de Ésteres Metílicos de Ácidos Grasos (EMAG) después de enviar los lípidos a través del proceso de transesterificación. El cultivo de microalgas se controló mediante análisis de clorofila (a) y el mayor crecimiento celular fue de 845.8 µg L-1 usando aguas residuales urbanas como medio de crecimiento. Los nutrientes de interés se monitorearon para determinar la concentración primaria de 8.06 ± 0.06 mg L-1 de nitrógeno amoniacal, 12.27 ± 0.27 mg L-1 de nitrato y 21.22 ± 0.85 mg L-1 de fosfato, reduciendo aproximadamente el 99% de nitrógeno y nitrato amoniacal, junto con la reducción del 87% de fosfato. La constitución lipídica extraída de 3,7 g de biomasa seca de Chlorella vulgaris después del cultivo con aguas residuales urbanas, fue del 7,7%. Los lípidos extraídos de la biomasa de Chlorella vulgaris son una producción adecuada de biodiesel con respecto a las cantidades de EMAG identificadas, después del análisis realizado, la comparación de los resultados obtenidos con otros estudios y la evaluación de hipótesis.
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