Microorganismos psicotróficos en la leche cruda y la calidad de los quesos

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7217

Palabras clave:

Refrigeración; Enzimas; Buenas prácticas.

Resumen

Los microorganismos psicrotróficos, especialmente el género Pseudomonas spp, conforman el microbiota de la leche refrigerada porque son capaces de multiplicarse a temperaturas de refrigeración, independientemente de su temperatura de crecimiento óptima. La leche cruda refrigerada con recuentos psicrotróficos entre 105 y 108 UFC/mL compromete la producción de queso porque las enzimas termorresistentes sintetizadas deterioran la calidad nutricional, sensorial y de textura. En Brasil, dentro del sector lácteo, el queso representa el producto con mayor tasa de crecimiento en los últimos años, actualmente cumpliendo con las tendencias de alimentos nutritivos y prácticos para el consumo. El objetivo de esta revisión fue abordar la importancia y la influencia del microbiota psicrotrófica de la leche cruda en la calidad y las características sensoriales de los quesos. Las enzimas psicrotróficas promueven cambios en el sabor, tiempo de coagulación indeseable de las proteínas, mayor concentración de ácidos grasos y aminoácidos libres, limitación de la vida útil, así como efectos negativos en los rendimientos. Las proteasas psicrotróficas también se asocian con problemas de corte y pérdida progresiva de elasticidad del queso, sabor amargo y aumento del tiempo de coagulación de los quesos producidos con leche pasteurizada. Las lipasas psicrotróficas, por otro lado, confieren defectos como el sabor y el olor de rancio, jabón, metálico u oxidado a los quesos, además de aumentar el tiempo de coagulación. El control de la población psicrotrófica de la leche cruda refrigerada contribuye a un mejor rendimiento en la producción de quesos, textura y características sensoriales deseables, lo que asegura una mayor vida útil de los quesos y aceptado por el consumidor. 

Citas

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14/08/2020

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SANTANA, E. H. W. de; LUIZ, L. L. .; PASQUIM, P. da S. .; PINTO, L. de F. B. .; PEREIRA, F. de A. B. .; GASPARINI, G. B. F. B. .; LORENZETTI, E. .; BRUZAROSKI , S. R. .; ELEODORO, J. I. . Microorganismos psicotróficos en la leche cruda y la calidad de los quesos. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 9, p. e127997217, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7217. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7217. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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