Actividad antitumoral de especies de Apocynaceae utilizadas en la medicina tradicional amazónica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.9241Palabras clave:
Apocynaceae; Cancer; Fitoquímica; Citotoxicidad.Resumen
Este estudio revisa el uso de especies de Apocynaceae para el tratamiento del cáncer y tumores en la Amazonía. Se buscaron bases de datos y libros para realizar evaluaciones etnobotánicas y fitoquímicas de las actividades citotóxicas y anticancerígenas de las especies de Apocynaceae. La literatura reporta el uso de varias especies amazónicas, como Asclepias curassavica, Himatanthus articulate y Macoubea sprucei, en el tratamiento de tumores y cánceres. Los estudios fitoquímicos sobre A. curassavica y H. articulatus han demostrado que sus composiciones químicas son variables y poseen cardenólidos, iridoides, flavonoides, esteroides y terpenos. La mayoría de las especies no se han sometido a experimentos in vitro para determinar la actividad anticancerosa, y las especies evaluadas mostraron respuestas de moderadas a débiles o estuvieron inactivas. Otros estudios han demostrado que los iridoides, flavonoides y esteroides son prometedores como tratamientos antitumorales. Se han atribuido a los iridoides los siguientes mecanismos de acción: estabilización del complejo topoisomerasa I-ADN, alteración del citoesqueleto celular e inducción de apoptosis. Se ha informado que las actividades de los flavonoides incluyen la inducción de apoptosis en células tumorales hepáticas. Algunos autores sugieren que los flavonoides reducen la respuesta celular al estrés oxidativo, lo que reduce la disfunción mitocondrial y la muerte celular. En resumen, las especies de Apocynaceae parecen prometedoras como fuente de agentes antitumorales; sin embargo, se requieren más estudios para confirmar sus actividades antitumorales y para dilucidar mejor los mecanismos subyacentes involucrados.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Mirian Letícia Carmo Bastos; Rosana Moura Sarmento; Marcelo de Oliveira Bahia; Jaqueline da Silva Rodrigues; Valdicley Vieira Vale; Sandro Percário; Maria Fâni Dolabela
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