Nitazoxanida: aspectos gerais, sistemas de liberação e potencial de reposicionamento da molécula
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11766Palavras-chave:
Formulação; Antiparasitários; Farmacologia; Nitazoxanida; Tizoxanida.Resumo
A nitazoxanida (NTZ) é um fármaco empregado no tratamento de infecções virais e parasitárias devido ao seu mecanismo de ação ativar processos de morte celular. Entretanto, apresenta baixa biodisponibilidade oral, restringindo a sua utilização na terapêutica, com isso, novos sistemas de liberação são necessários para melhor absorção in vivo. O objetivo desta revisão narrativa foi abordar aspectos referentes a características físico-químicas da molécula de Nitazoxanida e seu potencial de reposicionamento. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs e Science Direct, selecionados artigos em inglês e português, cruzando os descritores “Nitazoxanida”, “caracterização” e “formulação” combinados entre si. Evidências científicas descrevem a NTZ como uma molécula de baixo peso molecular, melhor absorvida em pH ácido, que sofre desacetilação originando seu metabólito ativo, a Tizoxanida. Estudos relatam sua aplicação frequentemente em doenças por Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica e Cryptosporidium parvum, além de infecções por protozoários, helmintos, bactérias gram negativas e positivas e possuir propriedades antivirais, estando relacionado a sua descoberta recente na COVID-19, inclusive associada a outros fármacos. Assim, sistemas como lipossomas, nanopartículas, microesferas, comprimidos de liberação controlada foram relatados como potencializadores veículos na liberação do fármaco, além de possibilitar melhoria nos seus aspectos físico-químicos. Portanto, a NTZ representa uma molécula com grande potencial de aplicação e reposicionamento, abrangendo inúmeras possibilidades.
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3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
