Candidíase e candidemia neonatal: Revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14326Palavras-chave:
Candidíase; Candidemia; Candida; Neonatos.Resumo
O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a candidíase e candidemia neonatal abordando a etiopatogenia, epidemiologia, fatores de virulência, fatores de risco, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamento, prevenção, resposta imunológica, padrão de susceptibilidade aos antifúngicos, estratégias para redução da morbimortalidade e perspectivas futuras. Foram elencados artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline e Google Scholar. A candidíase e a candidemia neonatal são importantes causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, de forma que mais de 750.000 casos são registrados anualmente. Os recém-nascidos mais susceptíveis são os prematuros, de baixo peso, imunosuprimidos, sob o uso de cateter, ventilação mecânica e nutrição parenteral. É necessário um controle mais rígido dos fatores de risco dentro do ambiente hospitalar associado ao cuidado dos profissionais, além do uso racional de antifúngicos seja na prevenção ou tratamento da candidíase e candidemia. É importante ressaltar também sobre a mudança gradual no curso epidemiológico dessas patologias pela emergência de novas espécies não albicans que podem representar sério risco para os neonatos. Políticas públicas direcionadas para o manejo adequado da candidíase e candidemia são necessárias.
Referências
Adams-Chapman, I., Bann, C.M., Das, A., Goldberg, R. N., Stoll, B. J., Walsh, M. C., . . . Watterberg, K. L. (2013). Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants with Candida infection. The Journal of pediatrics, 163(4), 961-967.
Agarwal, R. R., Agarwal, R. L., Chen, X., Lua, J. L., & Ang, J. Y. (2017). Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections at two tertiary care neonatal intensive care units over a 12-year period (2000-2011). Global pediatric health, 4, 2333794X17696684.
Alves, P. G. V., Melo, S. G. O., Bessa, M. A. d. S., Brito, M. d. O., Menezes, R. d. P., Araújo, L. B. d., . . . Röder, D. V. D. d. B. (2020). Risk factors associated with mortality among patients who had candidemia in a university hospital. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 53.
Arsenault, A. B., & Bliss, J. M. (2015). Neonatal candidiasis: new insights into an old problem at a unique host-pathogen interface. Current fungal infection reports, 9(4), 246-252.
Atıcı, S., Soysal, A., Cerit, K. K., Yılmaz, Ş., Aksu, B., Kıyan, G., & Bakır, M. (2017). Catheter-related Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungemia Following Saccharomyces boulardii Probiotic Treatment: In a child in intensive care unit and review of the literature. Medical mycology case reports, 15, 33-35.
Auriti, C., Falcone, M., Ronchetti, M. P., Goffredo, B. M., Cairoli, S., Crisafulli, R., . . . Pai, M. P. (2016). High-dose micafungin for preterm neonates and infants with invasive and central nervous system candidiasis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 60(12), 7333-7339.
Bachur, L. F. (2019). Avaliação dos níveis séricos de 1-3-BD-Glucana e da resposta inflamatória em pacientes sépticos comparativamente a pacientes com candidíase invasiva (Tese de Doutorado). Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.
Bassetti, M., Giacobbe, D. R., Vena, A., Trucchi, C., Ansaldi, F., Antonelli, M., ... & Montravers, P. (2019). Incidence and outcome of invasive candidiasis in intensive care units (ICUs) in Europe: results of the EUCANDICU project. Critical Care, 23(1), 1-7.
Bassetti, M., Righi, E., Ansaldi, F., Merelli, M., Cecilia, T., De Pascale, G., ... & Tumbarello, M. (2014). A multicenter study of septic shock due to candidemia: outcomes and predictors of mortality. Intensive care medicine, 40(6), 839-845.
Bassetti, M., Vena, A., & Russo, A. (2018). Management of patients with septic shock due to Candida infection. Hospital Practice, 46(5), 258-265.
Benedict, K., Roy, M., Kabbani, S., Anderson, E. J., Farley, M. M., Harb, S., . . . Marceaux, K. (2018). Neonatal and pediatric candidemia: results from population-based active laboratory surveillance in four US locations, 2009–2015. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 7(3), e78-e85.
Benjamin, D. K., Stoll, B. J., Fanaroff, A. A., McDonald, S. A., Oh, W., Higgins, R. D., ... & Goldberg, R. (2006). Neonatal candidiasis among extremely low birth weight infants: risk factors, mortality rates, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 22 months. Pediatrics, 117(1), 84-92.
Benjamin, D. K., Stoll, B. J., Gantz, M. G., Walsh, M. C., Sánchez, P. J., Das, A., . . . Miller, N. A. (2010). Neonatal candidiasis: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical judgment. Pediatrics, 126(4), e865-e873.
Berkow, E. L. & Lockhart, S. R. (2017). Fluconazole resistance in Candida species: a current perspective. Infection and drug resistance, 10, p. 237.
Blyth, C.C., Chen, S. C., Slavin, M. A., Serena, C., Nguyen, Q., Marriott, D., . . . Sorrell, T. C.(2009). Not just little adults: candidemia epidemiology, molecular characterization, and antifungal susceptibility in neonatal and pediatric patients. Pediatrics, 123(5), 1360-1368.
Boo, N. Y., & Cheah, I. G. S. (2016). Factors associated with inter-institutional variations in sepsis rates of very-low-birth-weight infants in 34 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units. Singapore medical journal, 57(3), 144.
Bredt, C.S. D. O. (2017). Estudo multicêntrico de candidemias em oito hospitais no estado do Paraná: rede candidemia Paraná (2016-2017) (Tese de Doutorado). Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil.
Brühwasser, C., Hinterberger, G., Mutschlechner, W., Kaltseis, J., Lass-Flörl, C., & Mayr, A. (2016). A point prevalence survey on hand hygiene, with a special focus on Candida species. American journal of infection control, 44(1), 71-73.
Cailes, B., Kortsalioudaki, C., Buttery, J., Pattnayak, S., Greenough, A., Matthes, J., . . . Heath, P. T. (2018). Epidemiology of UK neonatal infections: the neonIN infection surveillance network. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 103(6), F547-F553.
Calley, J. L., & Warris, A. (2017). Recognition and diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in neonates. Journal of Infection, 74, S108-S113.
Camp, I., Spettel, K., & Willinger, B. (2020). Molecular Methods for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis. Journal of Fungi, 6(3), 101.
Canassa, A. L., & da Cruz, D. T. (2019). Incidência e perfil de suscetibilidade de candidemias de um hospital público em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Saúde/Brazilian Journal of Health Research, 21(4), 110-117.
Cantey, J. B., & Milstone, A. M. (2015). Bloodstream infections: epidemiology and resistance. Clinics in perinatology, 42(1), 1-16.
Ceccarelli, G., Ghezzi, M. C., Raponi, G., Brunetti, G., Marsiglia, C., Fallani, S., ... & Venditti, M. (2016). Voriconazole treatment of Candida tropicalis meningitis: Persistence of (1, 3)-β-D-glucan in the cerebrospinal fluid is a marker of clinical and microbiological failure: A case report. Medicine, 95(31).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Invasive candidiasis. Recuperado de https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/invasive/index.html
Ceresa, C., Tessarolo, F., Caola, I., Nollo, G., Cavallo, M., Rinaldi, M., & Fracchia, L. (2015). Inhibition of Candida albicans adhesion on medical‐grade silicone by a Lactobacillus‐derived biosurfactant. Journal of applied microbiology, 118(5), 1116-1125.
Chang, Y. J., Choi, I. R., Shin, W. S., Lee, J. H., Kim, Y. K., & Park, M. S. (2013). The control of invasive Candida infection in very low birth weight infants by reduction in the use of 3rd generation cephalosporin. Korean journal of pediatrics, 56(2), 68.
Chapman, B., Slavin, M., Marriott, D., Halliday, C., Kidd, S., Arthur, I., ... & Chen, S. (2017). Changing epidemiology of Candidaemia in Australia. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 72(4), 1103-1108.
Chen, J., Jiang, Y., Wei, B., Ding, Y., Xu, S., Qin, P., & Fu, J. (2016). Epidemiology of and risk factors for neonatal candidemia at a tertiary care hospital in western China. BMC infectious diseases, 16(1), 1-5.
Clancy, C.J., Pappas, P. G., Vazquez, J., Judson, M. A., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Thompson III, G. R., ... & Caliendo, A. M. (2018). Detecting infections rapidly and easily for candidemia trial, part 2 (DIRECT2): a prospective, multicenter study of the T2Candida panel. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(11), 1678-1686.
Cortés, J. A., Ruiz, J. F., Melgarejo-Moreno, L. N., & Lemos, E. V. (2020). Candidemia in Colombia. Biomédica, 40(1), 195-207.
Cruchet, S., Furnes, R., Maruy, A., Hebel, E., Palacios, J., Medina, F., . . . Sdepanian, V. (2015). The use of probiotics in pediatric gastroenterology: a review of the literature and recommendations by Latin-American experts. Pediatric Drugs, 17(3), 199-216.
da Silva Rios, J. F., & de Castro Romanelli, R. M. (2016). Candidíase invasiva em unidade neonatal. Journal of Infection Control, 5(1).
Dabiri, S., Shams-Ghahfarokhi, M., & Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. (2018). Comparative analysis of proteinase, phospholipase, hydrophobicity and biofilm forming ability in Candida species isolated from clinical specimens. Journal de Mycologie MÚdicale, 28(3), 437-442.
Davidson, L., Netea, M. G., & Kullberg, B. J. (2018). Patient susceptibility to candidiasis—a potential for adjunctive immunotherapy. Journal of Fungi, 4(1), 9.
de Barros, A. M. F. R. (2017). Probióticos em Idade Pediátrica: Riscos, Benefícios e Recomendações (Dissertação de Mestrado). Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
De Bernardis, F., Graziani, S., Tirelli, F., & Antonopoulou, S. (2018). Candida vaginitis: virulence, host response and vaccine prospects. Medical mycology, 56(suppl_1), S26-S31.
de Melo Riceto, É. B., de Paula Menezes, R., Penatti, M. P. A., & dos Santos Pedroso, R. (2015). Enzymatic and hemolytic activity in different Candida species. Revista iberoamericana de micologia, 32(2), 79-82.
de Oliveira, F. E., Rossoni, R. D., de Barros, P. P., Begnini, B. E., Junqueira, J. C., Jorge, A. O. C., . . . de Oliveira, L. D. (2017). Immunomodulatory effects and anti-Candida activity of lactobacilli in macrophages and in invertebrate model of Galleria mellonella. Microbial pathogenesis, 110, 603-611.
de Paula Menezes, R., Silva, F. F., Melo, S. G., Alves, P. G., Brito, M. O., de Souza Bessa, M. A., . . . Röder, D. v. D. (2019). Characterization of Candida species isolated from the hands of the healthcare workers in the neonatal intensive care unit. Medical mycology, 57(5), 588-594.
Deorukhkar, S. C., & Saini, S. (2015). Non albicans Candida species: a review of epidemiology, pathogenicity and antifungal resistance. Pravara Medical Review, 7(3), 7-15.
Doi, A. M., Pignatari, A. C.C., Edmond, M. B., Marra, A. R., Camargo, L. F. A., Siqueira, R. A., ... & Colombo, A. L. (2016). Epidemiology and microbiologic characterization of nosocomial candidemia from a Brazilian national surveillance program. PloS one, 11(1), e0146909.
Dutta, A. (2019). Candidiasis Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases (pp. 335-340). Springer, Cham
Epelbaum, O., & Chasan, R. (2017). Candidemia in the Intensive Care Unit.. Clin Chest Med, 38(3), 493–509. Recuperado de https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S027252311730045X?via%3Dihub
Ericson, J. E., Kaufman, D. A., Kicklighter, S. D., Bhatia, J., Testoni, D., Gao, J., ... & Simone, G. (2016). Fluconazole prophylaxis for the prevention of candidiasis in premature infants: a meta-analysis using patient-level data. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 63(5), 604-610.
Estrela, C.(2018). Metodologia Científica: Ciência, Ensino, Pesquisa. São Paulo: Artes Médicas.
Farrugia, M. K., Fogha, E. P., Miah, A. R., Yednock, J., Palmer, H. C., & Guilfoose, J. (2016). Candida meningitis in an immunocompetent patient detected through (1→ 3)-beta-d-glucan. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 51, 25-26.
Fisher, B. T., Vendetti, N., Bryan, M., Prasad, P. A., Russell Localio, A., Damianos, A., ... & Zaoutis, T. E. (2016). Central venous catheter retention and mortality in children with candidemia: a retrospective cohort analysis. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 5(4), 403-408.
França, E. J. G., Furlaneto-Maia, L., & Furlaneto, M. C.(2017). Hemolytic capability and expression of a putative haem oxygenase-encoding gene by blood isolates of Candida tropicalis are influenced by iron deprivation and the presence of hemoglobin and erythrocytes. Microbial pathogenesis, 105, 235-239.
Fu, J., Ding, Y., Jiang, Y., Mo, S., Xu, S., & Qin, P. (2018). Persistent candidemia in very low birth weight neonates: risk factors and clinical significance. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-6.
Fu, J., Wang, X., Wei, B., Jiang, Y., & Chen, J. (2016). Risk factors and clinical analysis of candidemia in very-low-birth-weight neonates. American journal of infection control, 44(11), 1321-1325.
Gokcebay, D. G., Yarali, N., Isik, P., Bayram, C., Ozkaya-Parlakay, A., Kara, A., & Tunç, B. (2016). Candida associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology patients: a single center experience. Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases, 8(1).
Greenberg, R. G., & Benjamin Jr, D. K. (2014). Neonatal candidiasis: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Journal of Infection, 69, S19-S22.
Hallen-Adams, H. E. & Suhr, M. J. (2017). Fungi in the healthy human gastrointestinal tract. Virulence, 8(3), p. 352-358.
Hamula, C.L., Hughes, K., Fisher, B. T., Zaoutis, T. E., Singh, I. R., & Velegraki, A. (2016). T2Candida provides rapid and accurate species identification in pediatric cases of candidemia. American journal of clinical pathology, 145(6), 858-861.
Hassan, D. M., Yousef, R. H., Abu Elhamed, W. A., Ali, A. A., & Madkour, L. A. (2019). Candidemia in the neonatal intensive care unit: Insights on epidemiology and antifungal drug susceptibility patterns. Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 7(1).
Healey, K. R. & Perlin, D. S. (2018). Fungal resistance to echinocandins and the MDR phenomenon in Candida glabrata. Journal of Fungi, 4(3), p. 105.
Hope, W., Castagnola, E., Groll, A., Roilides, E., Akova, M., Arendrup, M., . . . Cornely, O. (2012). ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: prevention and management of invasive infections in neonates and children caused by Candida spp. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18, 38-52.
Hsu, J. F., Lai, M. Y., Lee, C.W., Chu, S. M., Wu, I. H., Huang, H. R., ... & Tsai, M. H. (2018). Comparison of the incidence, clinical features and outcomes of invasive candidiasis in children and neonates. BMC infectious diseases, 18(1), 1-11.
Huppler, A. R., Fisher, B. T., Lehrnbecher, T., Walsh, T. J., & Steinbach, W. J. (2017). Role of molecular biomarkers in the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases in children. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 6, S32-S44.
Kaur, H., & Chakrabarti, A. (2017). Strategies to reduce mortality in adult and neonatal candidemia in developing countries. Journal of Fungi, 3(3), 41.
Kaur, H., Shankarnarayana, S. A., Hallur, V., Muralidharan, J., Biswal, M., Ghosh, A. K., . . . Rudramurthy, S. M. (2020). Prolonged outbreak of Candida krusei candidemia in paediatric ward of tertiary care hospital. Mycopathologia, 185(2), 257-268.
Kelly, M. S., Benjamin, D. K., & Smith, P. B. (2015). The epidemiology and diagnosis of invasive candidiasis among premature infants. Clinics in perinatology, 42(1), 105-117.
Khurshid, M., Aslam, B., Nisar, M. A., Akbar, R., Rahman, H., Khan, A. A., & Rasool, M. H. (2015). Bacterial munch for infants: potential pediatric therapeutic interventions of probiotics. Future microbiology, 10(11), 1881-1895.
Kliegman, R. M., Geme, J. S., Blum, N., Shah, S. S., & Tasker, R. C.(2020). Nelson. Tratado de pediatría. Barcelona, Espanha: Elsevier Health Sciences.
Köhler, G. A., Assefa, S., & Reid, G. (2012). Probiotic interference of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 with the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 2012.
Kollef, M., Micek, S., Hampton, N., Doherty, J. A., & Kumar, A. (2012). Septic shock attributed to Candida infection: importance of empiric therapy and source control. Clinical infectious diseases, 54(12), 1739-1746.
Kothavade, R. J., Kura, M. M., Valand, A. G., & Panthaki, M. H. (2010). Candida tropicalis: its prevalence, pathogenicity and increasing resistance to fluconazole. Journal of medical microbiology, 59(8), 873-880.
KR, J. S., Daniel, S., & Philip, R. R. (2020). Neonatal Candidemia: Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Profile, Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome in a Tertiary Hospital in Kerala-A Case-Control Study. Global Journal of Medical Research, 2020.
Kumar, S., Bansal, A., Chakrabarti, A., & Singhi, S. (2013). Evaluation of efficacy of probiotics in prevention of Candida colonization in a PICU—a randomized controlled trial. Critical care medicine, 41(2), 565-572.
Lagunes, L., Rey-Pérez, A., Martín-Gómez, M. T., Vena, A., de Egea, V., Muñoz, P., ... & Rello, J. (2017). Association between source control and mortality in 258 patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis: a retrospective multi-centric analysis comparing intensive care versus surgical wards in Spain. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 36(1), 95-104.
Lahkar, V., Saikia, L., Patgiri, S. J., Nath, R., & Das, P. P. (2017). Estimation of biofilm, proteinase & phospholipase production of the Candida species isolated from the oropharyngeal samples in HIV-infected patients. The Indian journal of medical research, 145(5), 635.
Lamoth, F.; Lockhart, S. R.; Berkow, E. L., & Calandra, T. (2018). Changes in the epidemiological landscape of invasive candidiasis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 73, n. suppl_1, p. i4-i13.
Lausch, K. R., Dungu, K. H. S., Callesen, M. T., Schrøder, H., Rosthøj, S., Poulsen, A., . . . Schønheyder, H. C.(2019). Pediatric Candidemia Epidemiology and Morbidities: A Nationwide Cohort. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 38(5), 464-469.
Leão, M. V. P., Tavares, T. A. A., e Silva, C.R. G., dos Santos, S. S. F., Junqueira, J. C., de Oliveira, L. D., & Jorge, A. O. C.(2018). Lactobacillus rhamnosus intake can prevent the development of candidiasis. Clinical oral investigations, 22(7), 2511-2518.
Leibovitz, E. (2012). Strategies for the prevention of neonatal candidiasis. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 53(2), 83-89.
Li, T., Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Chen, X., & Wang, S. (2019). Local probiotic lactobacillus crispatus and lactobacillus delbrueckii exhibit strong antifungal effects against vulvovaginal candidiasis in a rat model. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 1033.
Liu, M., Huang, S., Guo, L., Li, H., Wang, F., Zhang, Q. I., & Song, G. (2015). Clinical features and risk factors for blood stream infections of Candida in neonates. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 10(3), 1139-1144.
Lollis, T. R., Bradshaw, W. T., & Zukowsky, K. (2014). Fungal Prophylaxis in Neonates. Advances in Neonatal Care, 14(1), 17-23.
López-Cortés, L. E., Almirante, B., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Garnacho-Montero, J., Padilla, B., Puig-Asensio, M., ... & Mularoni, A. (2016). Empirical and targeted therapy of candidemia with fluconazole versus echinocandins: a propensity score–derived analysis of a population-based, multicentre prospective cohort. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22(8), 733-e1.
Mandelblat, M., Frenkel, M., Abbey, D., Ben Ami, R., Berman, J., & Segal, E. (2017). Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Candida albicans isolates from bloodstream and mucosal infections. Mycoses, 60(8), 534-545.
Mantadakis, E., Pana, Z. D., & Zaoutis, T. (2018). Candidemia in children: Epidemiology, prevention and management. Mycoses, 61(9), 614-622.
Mantadakis, E., & Tragiannidis, A. (2019). Invasive Fungal Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 38(9), e216-e218.
Manzoni, P. (2007). Use of Lactobacillus casei subspecies Rhamnosus GG and gastrointestinal colonization by Candida species in preterm neonates. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 45, S190-S194.
Marostica, P. J. C., Villetti, M. C., Ferrelli, R. S., & Barros, E. (2018). Pediatria: consulta rápida. Porto Alegre, Brasil: Artmed.
Marranzino, G., Villena, J., Salva, S., & Alvarez, S. (2012). Stimulation of macrophages by immunobiotic Lactobacillus strains: influence beyond the intestinal tract. Microbiology and immunology, 56(11), 771-781.
Martin, G. S., Mannino, D. M., Eaton, S., & Moss, M. (2003). The epidemiology of sepsis in the United States from 1979 through 2000. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(16), 1546-1554.
Martin, R. J., Fanaroff, A. A., & Walsh, M. C.(2016). Fanaroff e Martin Medicina Neonatal e Perinatal: Doenças do Feto e Infantil: Elsevier Brasil.
Matsubara, V. H., Bandara, H. M. H. N., Mayer, M. P., & Samaranayake, L. P. (2016). Probiotics as antifungals in mucosal candidiasis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 62(9), 1143-1153.
May, M. E., & So, T.-Y. (2014). Overview of probiotics use in the pediatric population. Clinical Pediatrics, 53(13), 1231-1238.
McCarthy, M. W., & Walsh, T. J. (2017). Molecular diagnosis of invasive mycoses of the central nervous system. Expert review of molecular diagnostics, 17(2), 129-139.
Mccarty, T. P. & Pappas, P. G. (2016). Invasive Candidiasis. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 30(1), p. 103–124. Recuperado de https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891552015001142
Menezes, R. d. P (2018). Candidíase invasiva em neonatos críticos: etiologia, patogenia e perfil molecular (Tese de Doutorado). Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brasil.
Montagna, M. T., Lovero, G., Borghi, E., Amato, G., Andreoni, S., Campion, L., ... & Morace, G. (2014). Candidemia in intensive care unit: a nationwide prospective observational survey (GISIA-3 study) and review of the European literature from 2000 through 2013. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences.
Mylonakis, E., Clancy, C.J., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Garey, K. W., Alangaden, G. J., Vazquez, J. A., ... & Pappas, P. G. (2015). T2 magnetic resonance assay for the rapid diagnosis of candidemia in whole blood: a clinical trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(6), 892-899.
Netea, M. G., Joosten, L. A., Van Der Meer, J. W., Kullberg, B.-J., & Van De Veerdonk, F. L. (2015). Immune defence against Candida fungal infections. Nature Reviews Immunology, 15(10), 630-642.
Olowe, O., Makanjuola, O., Olowe, R., & Adekanle, D. (2014). Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women receiving antenatal care in Southwestern Nigeria. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 4(4), 193-197.
Oncel, M. Y., Arayici, S., Sari, F. N., Simsek, G. K., Yurttutan, S., Erdeve, O., . . . Dilmen, U. (2015). Comparison of Lactobacillus reuteri and nystatin prophylaxis on Candida colonization and infection in very low birth weight infants. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 28(15), 1790-1794.
Orasch, C., Mertz, D., Garbino, J., Van Delden, C., Emonet, S., Schrenzel, J., . . . Imhof, A. (2018). Fluconazole non-susceptible breakthrough candidemia after prolonged low-dose prophylaxis: a prospective FUNGINOS study. Journal of Infection, 76(5), 489-495.
Organization, W. H. (2002). Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. FAO/WHO Working Group Meeting, 1-11.
Orsi, C.F., Sabia, C., Ardizzoni, A., Colombari, B., Neglia, R. G., Peppoloni, S., . . . Blasi, E. (2014). Inhibitory effects of different lactobacilli on Candida albicans hyphal formation and biofilm development. Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents, 28(4), 743.
Paho. Pan American Health Organization. (2016). World Health Organization. Epidemiological alert: C.auris outbreak in health care services. 3 October, Washington DC.PAHO/WHO, 1-4.
Pana, Z. D., Roilides, E., Warris, A., Groll, A. H., & Zaoutis, T. (2017). Epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in children. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 6, S3-S11.
Pandey, N., Gupta, M. K., & Tilak, R. (2018). Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities of the different Candida spp. isolated from the blood of the Intensive Care Unit-admitted patients. Journal of laboratory physicians, 10(4), 392.
Pansieri, C., Pandolfini, C., Jacqz-Aigrain, E., Van Den Anker, J., & Bonati, M. (2015). Fluconazole prophylaxis in neonates: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. Archives Disease Childhood, 100(1).
Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, M., Spiliopoulou, A., Kolonitsiou, F., Bartzavali, C., Lambropoulou, A., Xaplanteri, P., . . . Christofidou, M. (2019). Increasing incidence of Candidaemia and shifting epidemiology in favor of Candida non-albicans in a 9-year period (2009–2017) in a university Greek hospital. Infection, 47(2), 209-216.
Pappas, P.G., Kauffman, C.A., Andes, D.R., Clancy, C.J., Marr, K.A., Ostroskyzeichner, L. …Sobel, J.D. (2016). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, v. 62, n. 4, p. e1-e50.
Payen, D. M., Guilhot, J., Launey, Y., Lukaszewicz, A. C., Kaaki, M., Veber, B., ... & Robert, R. (2015). Early use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in patients with septic shock due to peritonitis: a multicenter randomized control trial. Intensive care medicine, 41(6), 975-984.
Pfaller, M., Neofytos, D., Diekema, D., Azie, N., Meier-Kriesche, H.-U., Quan, S.-P., & Horn, D. (2012). Epidemiology and outcomes of candidemia in 3648 patients: data from the Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH Alliance®) registry, 2004–2008. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 74(4), 323-331.
Pharkjaksu, S., Chongtrakool, P., Suwannakarn, K., & Ngamskulrungroj, P. (2018). Species distribution, virulence factors, and antifungal susceptibility among Candida parapsilosis complex isolates from clinical specimens at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, from 2011 to 2015. Medical mycology, 56(4), 426-433.
Piqueras, A., Ganapathi, L., Carpenter, J. F., Rubio, T., Sandora, T. J., Flett, K. B., & Köhler, J. R. (2021). Trends in Pediatric Candidemia: Epidemiology, Anti-Fungal Susceptibility, and Patient Characteristics in a Children’s Hospital. Journal of Fungi, 7(2), 78.
Prigent, G., Aït-Ammar, N., Levesque, E., Fekkar, A., Costa, J. M., El Anbassi, S., ... & Botterel, F. (2017). Echinocandin resistance in Candida species isolates from liver transplant recipients. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 61(2).
Qin, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, Z., Zhang, J., Jiang, Y.-y., Cao, Y., & Yan, T. (2016). Innate immune cell response upon Candida albicans infection. Virulence, 7(5), 512-526.
Rao, S. C., Athalye-Jape, G. K., Deshpande, G. C., Simmer, K. N., & Patole, S. K. (2016). Probiotic supplementation and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 137(3).
Richardson, J. P., & Moyes, D. L. (2015). Adaptive immune responses to Candida albicans infection. Virulence, 6(4), 327-337.
Rocha, M. A. R., de Carvaho, C.G., & Magalhães, S. R. (2019). A importância da higienização oral em recém-nascidos mantidos em Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) neonatal: uma abordagem sobre candidíase invasiva. Revista Uniabeu, 12(32).
Roy, U., Jessani, L. G., Rudramurthy, S. M., Gopalakrishnan, R., Dutta, S., Chakravarty, C., ... & Chakrabarti, A. (2017). Seven cases of Saccharomyces fungaemia related to use of probiotics. Mycoses, 60(6), 375-380.
Sabia, C., Anacarso, I., Bergonzini, A., Gargiulo, R., Sarti, M., Cond, C., . . . Bondi, M. (2014). Detection and partial characterization of a bacteriocin-like substance produced by Lactobacillus fermentum CS57 isolated from human vaginal secretions. Anaerobe, 26, 41-45.
Salvatore, C.M., Chen, T. K., Toussi, S. S., DeLaMora, P., Petraitiene, R., Finkelman, M. A., & Walsh, T. J. (2016). (1→ 3)-β-d-Glucan in cerebrospinal fluid as a biomarker for Candida and Aspergillus infections of the central nervous system in pediatric patients. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 5(3), 277-286.
Santolaya, M. E., Matute, T. A., de Queiroz Telles, F., Colombo, A. L., Zurita, J., Tiraboschi, I. N., . . . Sifuentes, J. (2013). Recomendaciones para el manejo de la candidemia en neonatos en América Latina. Revista iberoamericana de micologia, 30(3), 158-170.
Sasso, M., Roger, C., Sasso, M., Poujol, H., Barbar, S., Lefrant, J. Y., & Lachaud, L. (2017). Changes in the distribution of colonising and infecting Candida spp. isolates, antifungal drug consumption and susceptibility in a French intensive care unit: A 10‐year study. Mycoses, 60(12), 770-780.
Saxena, S., Gee, J., Klieger, S., Kajon, A., Petersen, H., Zaoutis, T., & Fisher, B. (2018). Invasive fungal disease in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 7(3), 219-225.
Seneviratne, C.J., Rajan, S., Wong, S. S., Tsang, D. N., Lai, C.K., Samaranayake, L. P., & Jin, L. (2016). Antifungal susceptibility in serum and virulence determinants of Candida bloodstream isolates from Hong Kong. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 216.
Sierra, C.E. (2009). Candidemias Nosocomiais: Padrões de alteração clínico-epidemiológica, fatores prognósticos e influência do tratamento antifúngico precoce na sua evolução. Estudo 2002-2005( Tese de Doutorado), Universidade de Murcia, Murcia, Espanha.
Sopian, I. L., Sa’adiah Shahabudin, M. A. A., Lung, L. T. T., & Sandai, D. (2016). Yeast infection and diabetes mellitus among pregnant mother in Malaysia. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS, 23(1), 27.
Sousa, R. A. (2019). Fatores de risco para candidemia em neonatos em um hospital universitário de Belo Horizonte (Dissertação de Mestrado). Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
Spurbeck, R. R., & Arvidson, C.G. (2010). Lactobacillus jensenii surface-associated proteins inhibit Neisseria gonorrhoeae adherence to epithelial cells. Infection and immunity, 78(7), 3103-3111.
Szajewska, H. (2016). What are the indications for using probiotics in children? Archives of disease in childhood, 101(4), 398-403.
Teo, J. Q.-M., Candra, S. R., Lee, S. J.-Y., Chia, S. Y.-H., Leck, H., Tan, A.-L., . . . Ee, R. P.-L. (2017). Candidemia in a major regional tertiary referral hospital–epidemiology, practice patterns and outcomes. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 6(1), 1-11.
Toth, R., Toth, A., Vagvolgyi, C., & Gacser, A. (2017). Candida parapsilosis secretou lipase como um importante fator de virulência. Current Protein and Peptide Science , 18 (10), 1043-1049.
Tragiannidis, A., Fegeler, W., Rellensmann, G., Debus, V., Müller, V., Hoernig-Franz, I., . . . Groll, A. (2012). Candidaemia in a European Paediatric University Hospital: a 10-year observational study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18(2), E27-E30.
Vallabhaneni, S., Cleveland, A. A., Farley, M. M., Harrison, L. H., Schaffner, W., Beldavs, Z. G., ... & Smith, R. M. (2015, December). Epidemiology and risk factors for echinocandin nonsusceptible Candida glabrata bloodstream infections: data from a large multisite population-based candidemia surveillance program, 2008–2014. Open forum infectious diseases, 2(4).
Vasileiou, E., Apsemidou, A., Vyzantiadis, T.-A., & Tragiannidis, A. (2018). Invasive candidiasis and candidemia in pediatric and neonatal patients: A review of current guidelines. Current medical mycology, 4(3), 28.
Walsh, T. J., Katragkou, A., Chen, T., Salvatore, C.M., & Roilides, E. (2019). Invasive candidiasis in infants and children: recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of Fungi, 5(1), 11.
Wang, G., Dai, C., Liu, Y., & Li, Y. (2013). Cerebral and renal abscess and retino-choroiditis secondary to Candida albicans in preterm infants: eight case retrospective study. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 40(4), 519-523.
Wang, X., van de Veerdonk, F. L., & Netea, M. G. (2016). Basic genetics and immunology of Candida infections. Infectious Disease Clinics, 30(1), 85-102.
Zeng, Z., Tian, G., Ding, Y., Yang, K., Deng, J., & Liu, J. (2020). Epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, risk factors and mortality of invasive candidiasis in neonates and children in a tertiary teaching hospital in Southwest China. Mycoses, 63(11), 1164-1174.
Zhang, G.-Q., Hu, H.-J., Liu, C.-Y., Shakya, S., & Li, Z.-Y. (2016). Probiotics for preventing late-onset sepsis in preterm neonates: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine, 95(8).
Zhang, L., Yu, S. Y., Chen, S. C.A., Xiao, M., Kong, F., Wang, H., ... & Xu, Y. C.(2020). Molecular characterization of Candida parapsilosis by microsatellite typing and emergence of clonal antifungal drug resistant strains in a multicenter surveillance in China. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 1320.
Zuza-Alves, D. L., Silva-Rocha, W. P., & Chaves, G. M. (2017). An update on Candida tropicalis based on basic and clinical approaches. Frontiers in microbiology, 8, 1927.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Gabriela Alves Luz; Gabriela Coleta Schneider; Monique Santos do Carmo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
