Adolescentes na Era Digital: Impactos na Saúde Mental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17800Palavras-chave:
Adolescente; Saúde mental; Digital; Internet.Resumo
A expansão do uso da tecnologia tem interferido nos diversos aspectos da vida cotidiana das pessoas, em especial, os adolescentes. Mesmo com os benefícios dos avanços tecnológicos, o uso por parte dessa faixa etária sem a supervisão adequada e uso excessivo pode gerar diversos riscos e significativas alterações na saúde mental. Tendo isso em vista, este trabalho buscou identificar os impactos da exposição à internet e mídias sociais na saúde mental dos adolescentes. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa com coleta de dados na Web of Science, Scopus, BVS e Psycnet. Do total de 245 artigos identificados, exclui-se os documentos de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restando 40 artigos para serem analisados. Como resultados, constatou-se a imprescindibilidade da tecnologia para a inserção do jovem neste mundo que evolui a cada dia. Entretanto, o uso desmedido dos recursos tecnológicos pode afetar os hábitos alimentares, sedentarismo, agressividade, uso ou abuso de substâncias, depressão, distorções da imagem corporal, ciclo sono/vigília, hiperatividade, automutilação e ideações suicidas. É inviável pensar nas novas gerações desvinculadas dos meios digitais, por esta razão observa-se a necessidade de uma atuação conjunta das escolas, pais, responsáveis e comunidade em geral para o desenvolvimento de ações que abordem de forma clara os riscos do mundo virtual.
Referências
Abreu, C. N. (2019). O cérebro digital: como o uso constante da internet está afetando nossa mente. Recuperado de: https://cristianonabuco.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2019/07/16/o-cerebro-digital-comouso-constante-da-internet-afetando-nossa-mente
Adorjan M, & Ricciardelli R. (2021). Smartphone and social media addiction: Exploring the perceptions and experiences of Canadian teenagers. Canadian Review of Sociology Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 58(1):45-64. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12319
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed., WashingtonBabbage, C. Jackson, G. M., & Nixon, E. (2018). Desired Features of a Digital Technology Tool for Self-Management of Well-Being in a Nonclinical Sample of Young People: Qualitative Study. JMIR Ment Health. 18;5(4): e10067. doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/10067
Bouzas, I. (2013). Internet: um campo de estudo. Adolesc. Saúde, 10(1), 6. Recuperado de: https://s3-sa-east1.amazonaws.com/publisher.gn1.com.br/adolescenciaesaude.com/pdf/v10n1a01.pdf
Brasil (2020). Proteção de crianças e adolescentes na internet. Secretaria nacional dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. Secretaria nacional da família ministério da mulher, da família e dos direitos humanos. Brasília – DF.
Carson, N., Gansner, M., & Khang, J. (2018). Assessment of Digital Media Use in the Adolescent Psychiatric Evaluation. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 27(2), 133-143. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2017.11.003
Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil. (2019) Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR. Pesquisa sobre o uso da internet por crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: TIC Kids online Brasil 2018. Recuperado de: https://cetic.br/media/docs/publicacoes/216370220191105/tic_kids_online_2018_livro_eletronico.pdf
Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil. (2016). Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR. Pesquisa sobre o uso da internet por crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: TIC Kids online Brasil 2015 Recuperado de: http://www.cgi.br/media/docs/publicacoes/2/TIC_Kids_2015_LIVRO_ELETRONICO
Costa, F. M., Morais, M., Souza, C. O., &Cabral, H. G. (2020). O Repensar das novas tecnologias e a saúde mental na adolescência e juventude: Um desafio para o nosso tempo. Rev. Ambiente Acadêmico,6(1), 84-102. Recuperado de: https://multivix.edu.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/revista-ambiente-academico-v06-n01-artigo05.pdf.
Coughlan, H.,et al (2021). Online Mental Health Animations for Young People: Qualitative Empirical Thematic Analysis and Knowledge Transfer. - J Med Internet Res;23(2), e21338. doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/21338
Dhir, A., Chen, S., & Nieminen, M. (2015). Predicting adolescent Internet addiction: The roles of demographics, technology accessibility, unwillingness to communicate and sought Internet gratifications. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.056
Durkee T, et al. (2012). Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. Addiction. 107(12), 2210-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x.
Dzúrová, D., Spilková, J., & Vraný, M. (2016). Substance misuse and its risk perception in European teenagers. Children’s Geographies, 14(2), 203–216. doi: https://doi.org//10.1080/14733285.2015.1028895
Falcone, T., (2020). Digital conversations about suicide among teenagers and adults with epilepsy: A big-data, machine learning analysis. Epilepsia, 61(5), 951-958. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16507
Favotto, Lin; Michaelson, V; Pickett, W; & Davison, C (2019). The role of family and computer-mediated communication in adolescent loneliness. - PLoS One, 14(6), e0214617. doi: https://doi.org//10.1371/journal.pone.0214617
Felt, L. J, & Robb, M. B. (2016). Technology addiction: concern, controversy, and finding balance.Common Sense Media. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318707843_Technology_Addiction_Concern_Controversy_and_Finding_Balance.
Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF). (2013). O uso da internet por adolescentes Brasília Recuperado de: »https://www.unicef.org/brazil/pt/br_uso_internet_adolescentes.pdf
Gansner M. (2019). Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networks. The Official Journal of the International Association of CyberPsychology, Training & Rehabilitation 349-354. Recuperado de: https://phys.org/journals/cyberpsychology-behavior-and-social-networking/
Gansner, M., Belfort, E., Leahy, C., Mirda, D., & Carson, N. (2019). An Assessment of Digital Media-Related Admissions in Psychiatric Hospitalized Adolescents. Adolescent Psychiatry 9(3). doi: https://doi.org/10.2174 /2210676609666190221152018
Giovanelli, A., Ozer, E. M., & Dahl, R. E. (2020). Leveraging Technology to Improve Health in Adolescence: A Developmental Science Perspective. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 67(2S), S7–S13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.020
Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69(1), 66–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034857
Granic, I; Morita, H; & Scholten, H (2020). Young People's Digital Interactions from a Narrative Identity Perspective: Implications for Mental Health and Wellbeing. Psychological Inquiry, 31 (3), 258-270. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2020.1820225
Griffiths, M. D., van Rooij, A. J., Kardefelt-Winther, D., Starcevic, V., Kiraly, O., Pallesen, S., et al. (2016). Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: A critical commentary on Petry et al. (2014). Addiction, 111(1), 167–175. doi: https://doi.org/doi:10.1111/add.13057
Hopia, H., Latvala, E., & Liimatainen, L. (2016). Reviewing the methodology of an integrative review. Scand J Caring Sci. 30(4), 662-669. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12327
Kelleghan, A. R, et al. (2020). Use of digital media and subsequent initiation of cannabis and tobacco use among adolescents. Drug and alcohol addiction, 212, 108017. doi: https://doi-org.ez46.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108017
Ko, C.H., Yen, J.Y., Yen, C.F., Chen, C.S., Weng, C.C., & Chen, C.C. (2008). The association between internet addiction and problematic alcohol use in adolescents: the problem behavior model. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 11(5), 571–576. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0199
Kuss, D., Rooij, A.J., Shorter, G., Griffiths, M., & Mheen, D.V. (2013). Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Comput. Hum. Behav., 29, 1987-1996. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002
Lee, S. Y., Lee, D., Nam, C. R., Kim, D. Y., Park, S., Kwon, J. G., Kweon, Y. S., Lee, Y., Kim, D. J., & Choi, J. S. (2018). Distinct patterns of Internet and smartphone-related problems among adolescents by gender: Latent class analysis. Journal of behavioral addictions, 7(2), 454–465. doi: https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.28
Liau, A. K., Choo, H., Li, D., Gentile, D. A., Sim, T., & Khoo, A. (2015). Pathological video-gaming among youth: A prospective study examining dynamic protective factors. Addiction Research & Theory, 23(4), 301–308. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2014.987759
Lissak G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environmental research, 164, 149–157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015
Lonergan, A. R. et al., (2020). Protect me from my selfie: Examining the association between photo-based social media behaviors and self-reported eating disorders in adolescence. Int J Eat Disord. 53:755–766. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23256
Lonergan, A. R, Bussey, K., Mond, J., Brown, O., Griffiths, S., Murray, S. B, & Mitchison, D. (2019). Me, my selfie and me: The relationship between editing and posting selfies and body dissatisfaction in men and women. Body Image, 28, 39–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.001
Lupton, D. (2021). Young People Use of Digital Health Technologies in the Global North: Narrative Review. J Med Internet Res;23(1): e18286. doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/18286
Magis-Weinberg, L., Ballonoff, S, A., & Dahl, R. E. (2021). Context, Development, and Digital Media: Implications for Very Young Adolescents in LMICs. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 632713. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.632713
Männikkö N, Ruotsalainen H, Miettunen J, & Kääriäinen M. (2020) Associations between Childhood and Adolescent Emotional and Behavioral Characteristics and Screen Time of Adolescents. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 41(8), 700-712. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2020.1725195
Mérelle, S. Y. M., Kleiboer, A. M., Schotanus, M., Cluitmans, T. L. M., Waardenburg, C. M., Kramer, D., van de Mheen, D., & van Rooij, A. J. (2017). Which health-related problems are associated with problematic video-gaming or social media use in adolescents? A large-scale cross-sectional study. Clinical Neuropsychiatry: Journal of TreatmentEvaluation, 14(1), 11–19. Recuperado de: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-10293-003
Milani, L., et al. (2018). Internet Gaming Addiction in Adolescence: Risk Factors and Maladjustment Correlates. Int J Ment Health Addiction 16, 888–904. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9750-2
Mojtabai, R., Olfson, M., & Han, B. (2016). National trends in the prevalence and treatment of depression in adolescents and young adults. Pediatrics, 138 (6), e20161878. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1878
Norman (2016). Cyber victim of young people with intellectual or developmental disabilities: specific risks to sexual solicitation J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, 29 (2), 99-110. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12163
Odgers, C. L., & Jensen, M. R. (2020) Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age:facts, fears, and future directions.J Child Psychol Psychiatry;61(3): 336-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13190
World Health Organization. (2014). Mental health: a state of well-being. Recuperado de: <http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/>
O'Reilly M, Dogra N, Whiteman N, Hughes J, Eruyar S, & Reilly P. (2018). Is social media bad for mental health and well-being? Exploring Adolescents' Perspectives. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry23 (4): 601-613. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518775154
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2017). Digital Self-Harm Among Adolescents. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 61(6), 761–766. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.06.012
Picon, F.et al. (2015). Precisamos falar sobre tecnologia: caracterizando clinicamente os subtipos de dependência de tecnologia. Revista Brasileira de Psicoterapia, 17(2), 44-60. Recuperado de: http://rbp.celg.org.br/detalhe_artigo.asp?id=177.
Poulain, T et al. (2019) Reciprocal Longitudinal Associations Between Adolescente Media Consumption and Psychological Health. Acad Pediatr, 19(1), 109-117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2018.08.009
Pluhar E, Kavanaugh J.R, Levinson J.A, Rich M. (2019). Problematic use of interactive media in adolescents: comorbidities, assessment, and treatment. Psychol Res Behav Manag 12: 447-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S208968
Pretorius, C; Chambers, D & Coyle, D. (2019). Young People Online Help-Seeking and Mental Health Difficulties: Systematic Narrative Review. J Med Internet Res; 21(11), e13873. doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/13873
Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2017). A large-scale test of the Goldilocks hypothesis: Quantifying the relations between digital-screen use and the mental well-being of adolescents. Psychological Science, 28(2), 204–215.doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616678438
Radovic A, McCarty A, Katzman K, & Richardson P. (2018). Adolescents' perspectives on using technology for health: Qualitative study. JMIR Pediatr Parent 1(1), e2. doi: https://doi.org/10.2196 / pediatrics.8677
Rafla, M.,Carson, N. J., & DeJong, S. M. (2014). Adolescents and the internet: what mental health clinicians need to know. Curr Psychiatry Rep;16(9), 472. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0472-x
Robinson, J. O, et al. (2016). Social media and suicide prevention: a systematic review. Early Interv Psychiatry.10:103–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12229
Salmela-Aro, K et al., (2017). The Dark Side of Internet Use: Two Longitudinal Studies of Excessive Internet Use, Depressive Symptoms, School Burnout and Engagement Among Finnish Early and Late Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc; 46(2), 343-357 doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0494-2
Seo, J., Lee, C. S., Lee, Y. J., Bhang, S. Y., & Lee, D. (2021). The Type of Daily Life Stressors Associated with Social Media Use in Adolescents with Problematic Internet/Smartphone Use. Psychiatry investigation, 18(3), 241–248. doi: https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0060
Shah, J., Das, P., Muthiah, N., & Milanaik, R. (2019). New age technology and social media: adolescent psychosocial implications and the need for protective measures. Current opinion in pediatrics, 31(1), 148–156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000714
Shuai, L., He, S., Zheng, H. et al. (2021). Influences of the use of digital media on children and adolescents with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic Global Health 17, 48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00699-z
Silva, T. O., & Silva, L. T. G. (2017). Os impactos sociais, cognitivos e afetivos sobre a geração de adolescentes conectados às tecnologias digitais. Revista Psicopedagogia,34(103) Recuperado de: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84862017000100009
Spilková, J., Chomynová, P., & Csémy, L. (2017). Predictors of excessive use of social media and excessive online gaming in Czech teenagers. Journal of behavioral addictions, 6(4), 611–619. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.064
Spritzer, D. T. et al., (2016). Dependência de tecnologia: avaliação e diagnóstico. Revista Debates em Psiquiatria, Recuperado de: https://studylibpt.com/doc/1475728/depend%C3%AAncia-de-tecnologia--avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o-ediagn%C3%B3stico-artigo-de.
Safernet Brasil (2018). Suposto desafio da “MOMO”: recomendações da Safernet Brasil e alerta para pais e educadores. Portal da Safernet Brasil. Recuperado de: https://new.safernet.org.br/content/suposto-desafio-da-momo.
Strasburger, VC; Jordan, AB; Donnerstein, E. (2010) Health effects of media on children and adolescents. Pediatrics;125(4): 756-67 doi: https://doi.org/10.1542 / peds.2009-2563
Sussman, N; DeJong, SM. (2018). Ethical Considerations for Mental Health Clinicians Working with Adolescents in the Digital Age.Curr Psychiatry Rep;20(12): 113, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0974-z
Throuvala, M. A., Griffiths, M. D., Rennoldson, M., & Kuss, D. J. (2021). Policy Recommendations for Preventing Problematic Internet Use in Schools: A Qualitative Study of Parental Perspectives. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(9), 4522.doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094522
TIC Domicílios. (2020). Pesquisa sobre o uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação nos domicílios brasileiros. Recuperado de: https://www.cetic.br/media/analises/tic_domicilios_2019_coletiva_imprensa.pdf
Tono C. C. P. (2015) Análise dos riscos e efeitos nocivos do uso da internet: contribuições para uma política pública de proteção da criança e do adolescente na era digital. Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Curitiba, 2015. Recuperado de: http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1987
Topooco, N. et al., (2019). Evaluating the Efficacy of Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Blended With Synchronous Chat Sessions to Treat Adolescent Depression: Randomized Controlled Trial.J Med Internet Res 21(11): e13393 doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/13393
Uhls, Y. T, Ellison, N. B & Subrahmanyam, K. (2017). Benefícios e custos das mídias sociais na adolescência. Pediatrics 140 (2), S67 – S70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758E
United Nations Children's Fund - UNICEF (2020). Health and well-being of children and adolescents. Every child has the right to grow up healthy and strong. Recuperado de: https://www.unicef.org/health/child-and-adolescent-health-and-well-being
Vromen, A. (2007). Australian young people's participatory practices and internet use. Information, Communication & Society, 10, 48-68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180701193044
Wang L., Liu, X., Liu, Z., & Jia, C. (2020). Digital media use and subsequent self-harm during a 1-year follow-up of Chinese adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, p. 279-286. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.066.
Wartberg L, Kriston L, Kramer M, Schwedler A, Lincoln T. M, & Kammerl R. (2017). Internet gaming disorder in early adolescence: Associations with parental and adolescent mental health. Eur Psychiatry. 43:14-18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.12.013
Weinstein, E. et al. (2021). Positive and negative uses of social media among adolescents hospitalized for suicidal behavior. Journal of Adolescence, 87, 63-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.12.003
Whiteman, H. (2014). Facebook may play role in marketing junk food to teens, young adults. Medical News Today. Recuperado de: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/284039.php.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Synara Sepúlveda Sales; Talita Mendes da Costa; Maria Júlia Pegoraro Gai
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
