Efeitos e Aplicações do Campo Eletromagnético de Alta Intensidade (PEMF) em saúde e estética: perspectivas e evidências clínicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i14.21724Palavras-chave:
Electromagnetic fields; PEMF; Skeletal muscle; Muscle contraction; Hypertrophy; Urinary incontinence.Resumo
The increased interest and concern with physical fitness, not only from an athletic point of view, but also from an aesthetic point of view, has driven the search for new methods and technologies capable of helping to gain mass and muscle tone. Recent studies show that 81% percent of respondents reported dissatisfaction with their body image, even with 56% having a normal body mass index. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) muscle stimulation technology uses alternating magnetic fields based on the law of electromagnetic induction to promote supramaximal muscle contractions. PEMF generates impulses that are independent of brain function, and with such a fast frequency that it does not allow the muscle relaxation phase, characterizing tetanic contractions. Electric currents and electromagnetism have been used in physical therapy and rehabilitation, especially for muscle strengthening. However, the PEMF technology has emerged as a more efficient and comfortable alternative for the patient, with the primary objective of toning and strengthening muscle groups. In this work, we performed a literature review of all scientific articles available and indexed in Pubmed and Web of Science about this technology in the last 20 years and its effects on skeletal muscles. We discuss the scientific evidence available from clinical studies and discuss effects and possible mechanisms of action on muscle contraction.
Referências
Abrams, P., Cardozo, L., Fall, M., Griffiths, D., Rosier, P., Ulmsten, U., van Kerrebroeck, P., Victor, A., & Wein, A. (2002) Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 21(2):167-78. 10.1002/nau.10052.
A
lizadeh Z, Halabchi F, Mazaheri R, Abolhasani M, & Tabesh M. (2016) Review of the Mechanisms and Effects of Noninvasive Body Contouring Devices on Cellulite and Subcutaneous Fat. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 14(4):e36727. 10.5812/ijem.36727.
American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. Plastic Surgery. (2020) https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/plastic-surgery-statistics.
Chacur, R., Sampaio Menezes, H., Maria Bordin da Silva Chacur, N., Dias Alves, D., Cadore Mafaldo, R., Dias Gomes, L., & Dos Santos Barreto, G. (2019) Gluteal Augmentation with Polymethyl Methacrylate: A 10-year Cohort Study. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 31;7(5):e2193. 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002193.
Dowling, J.J., Konert, E., Ljucovic, P., & Andrews, D.M. (1994) Are humans able to voluntarily elicit Maximum muscle force? Neurosci Lett. 179(1-2):25-28.
Duncan, D., & Dinev, I. (2020) Noninvasive Induction of Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia: Effects of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field Evaluated in an In-Vivo Porcine Model: A Pilot Study. Aesthet Surg J. 40(5):568-574. 10.1093/asj/sjz244.
Elena, S., Dragana, Z., Ramina, S., Evgeniia, A., & Orazov, M. (2020) Electromyographic Evaluation of the Pelvic Muscles Activity After High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Procedure and Electrical Stimulation in Women With Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. Sex Med. 8(2):282-289. 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.01.004. Epub 2020 Mar 4.
Gabriel, D.A., Kamen, G., & Frost, G. (2006) Neural adaptations to resistive exercise: mechanisms and recommendations for training practices. Sports Med. 36(2):133-149.
Gandevia, S.C. (2001) Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev. 81(4):1725-1789.
Gentil, P., Costa, D., & Arruda, A. (2017). Crossfit®: uma análise crítica e fundamentada de custo-benefício. RBPFEX - Revista Brasileira De Prescrição E Fisiologia Do Exercício, 11(64), 138-139.
Giesse S., (2021) A German Prospective Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a Non-Invasive, Highintensity, Electromagnetic Abdomen and Buttock Contouring Device. 2021. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 14(1):30–33.
Goldberg, D. J. (2021) Deletion of adipocytes induced by a novel device simultaneously delivering synchronized radiofrequency and hifem: Human histological study. J Cosmet Dermatol. 20(4):1104-1109. 10.1111/jocd.13970.
Halaas, Y. & Bernardy, J. (2020). Mechanism of nonthermal induction of apoptosis by highintensity focused electromagnetic procedure: Biochemical investigation in a porcine model. J Cosmet Dermatol.19:605–611.
Hopia H, Latvala E, & Liimatainen L. (2016) Reviewing the methodology of an integrative review. Scand J Caring Sci. 30(4):662-669. 10.1111/scs.12327.
Jacob, C. I., & Rank, B. (2020) Abdominal Remodeling in Postpartum Women by Using a High-intensity Focused Electromagnetic (HIFEM) Procedure: An Investigational Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Pilot Study. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 13(9 Suppl 1): S16-S20.
Kent, D. E. &. Kinney, B. M. (2021). The effect of high-intensity focused electromagnetic procedure on visceral adipose tissue: Retrospective assessment of computed tomography scans. J Cosmet Dermatol. 20:757–762.
Khullar, V., Sexton, C. C., Thompson, C. L., Milsom, I., Bitoun, C. E., & Coyne, K. S. (2014) The relationship between BMI and urinary incontinence subgroups: Results from EpiLUTS. Neurourol Urodyn 33(4):392–399. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22428
Kinney, B. M., & Lozanova, P. (2019). High Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Therapy Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Safety and Efficacy Study of a Dual, B. M., Tissue Effect Based Non-Invasive Abdominal Body Shaping. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 51:40–46.
Knight, C.A., & Kamen, G. (2001) Adaptations in muscular activation of the knee extensor muscles with strength training in young and older adults. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 11(6):405-412.
McRae, E., & Boris, J. (2013) Independent evaluation of low-level laser therapy at 635 nm for non-invasive body contouring of the waist, hips, and thighs. Lasers Surg Med. 45(1):1–7.
Melville, J. L., Katon, W., Delaney, K., & Newton, K. (2005) Urinary incontinence in US Women: A population‐based study. Arch Intern Med 165(5):537–542. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.5.537
Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord‐Trøndelag. (2000) A community‐based epidemiological survey of female urinary incontinence: The Norwegian EPINCONT study. Epidemiology of Incontinence in the County of Nord‐Trøndelag. J Clin Epidemiol 53(11):1150–1157.
Palm, M. (2021). Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Changes in Gluteal Muscles After Treatments With the High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Procedure. Dermatol Surg. 47(3):386-391. 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002764.
Peres, R. A., & Gomes, L. C. (2020) Análise de alguns equívocos e distorções presentes em sites da web e vídeos do youtube sobre a lei da indução eletromagnética de Michael Faraday. #Tear: Revista de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Canoas, 9(1), 10.35819/tear.v9.n1.a3958.
Petecchia, L., Sbrana, F., Utzeri, R., Vercellino, M., Usai, C., Visai, L., Vassalli, M., & Gavazzo, P. (2015) Electro-magnetic field promotes osteogenic differentiation of BM-hMSCs through a selective action on Ca(2+)-related mechanisms. Sci Rep. 14;5: 13856. 10.1038/srep13856.
Plastic Surgery Statistics. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2020). https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/plastic-surgerystatistics.
Radwan, H., Hasan, H.A., Ismat, H., Hakim, H., Khalid, H., Al-Fityani, L., Mohammed, R., & Ayman, A. (2019) Body Mass Index Perception, Body Image Dissatisfaction and Their Relations with Weight-Related Behaviors among University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 1;16(9):1541. 10.3390/ijerph16091541.
Saadia, Z. (2015) Effect of age, educational status, parity and BMI on development of urinary incontinence—A cross sectional study in Saudi Population. Mater Sociomed 27(4):251–254. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2015.27.251‐254
Samuels, J. B., Pezzella, A., Berenholz, J., & Alinsod, R. (2019) Safety and Efficacy of a Non-Invasive High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field (HIFEM) Device for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence and Enhancement of Quality of Life. Lasers Surg Med. 51(9):760-766. 10.1002/lsm.23106.
Swithinbank, L.V., Donovan, J.L., du Heaume, J.C., Rogers, C.A., James, M. C., Yang, Q., & Abrams, P. (1999) Urinary symptoms and incontinence in women: relationships between occurrence, age, and perceived impact. Br J Gen Pract. 49(448):897-900.
The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2018) Procedural Statistics. The Aesthetic Society. https://www. surgery.org/sites/default/¬ les/ASAPS-Stats2017.pdf.
Tyler, D. J. (2017) Peripheral nerve stimulation. In: Series on bioengineering and biomedical engineering. 8. (2a ed.), World Scientific. 300–347.
Weiss, R.A., & Bernardy, J. (2019) Induction of fat apoptosis by a non-thermal device: Mechanism of action of non-invasive high-intensity electromagnetic technology in a porcine model. Lasers Surg Med. 51(1):47-53. 10.1002/lsm.23039;
Whittemore R, & Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. (2005) J Adv Nurs. 52(5):546-53. 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Rodrigo Alvaro Lopes Martins; Michele Matias; Felícia Cadenas de Paiva Bueno ; Mayara Oguri; Patricia Sardinha Leonardo; Carlos Ruiz-Silva
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
