Leptina e adiponectina: papel dos hormônios nos processos metabólicos e impactos na sua desregulação

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25144

Palavras-chave:

Tecido adiposo; Leptina; Adiponectina; Obesidade; Desregulação.

Resumo

O tecido adiposo é uma fonte importante de energia para o corpo humano, bem como das principais adipocitocinas com ação pró e anti-inflamatória, como leptina e adiponectina, respectivamente. O comportamento destes hormônios são alterados com o excesso de tecido adiposo. Em concentrações normais, a leptina desempenha efeitos de inibir o apetite, aumentar a oxidação dos ácidos graxos, diminuir a glicose e reduzir a gordura corporal. Na obesidade a concentração de leptina aumenta, mas não há ligação com seu receptor, LEPR. A adiponectina em concentrações normais, apresenta atividades como sensibilização à insulina, oxidação dos ácidos graxos presentes nos músculos, órgãos e vasos sanguíneos, ações mediadas pelos receptores AdipoR1, AdipoR2, T- caderina e vias de sinalização. Este hormônio apresenta um padrão de expressão oposto à leptina, estando reduzido em indivíduos obesos. As funções desses dois hormônios são desreguladas em indivíduos obesos, uma vez que, apresentam inflamação crônica no tecido adiposo, decorrente de excesso de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, ceramidas, ácidos graxos saturados, espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs), disfunção mitocondrial e adipócitos necróticos. Estes fatores, contribuem para um ambiente de baixa qualidade sistêmica, consequentemente, provoca irregularidade no sistema endócrino facilitando o desenvolvimento de doenças associadas, como doenças cardiovasculares, cânceres, diabetes tipo 2, doença hepática gordurosa e aterosclerose. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar o impacto da desregulação dos hormônios supracitados em indivíduos obesos, a partir da revisão da literatura atual sobre o assunto.

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27/01/2022

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PINHO, K. H. dos S.; PAIVA, M. J. de; OLIVEIRA, R. A. de C. Leptina e adiponectina: papel dos hormônios nos processos metabólicos e impactos na sua desregulação. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 2, p. e34711225144, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25144. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/25144. Acesso em: 22 dez. 2024.

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Ciências da Saúde