Efetividade da terapia por oxigenação de membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) em pacientes críticos com COVID-19

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26388

Palavras-chave:

COVID-19; Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea; Efficiency.

Resumo

Casos graves de COVID-19 podem necessitar de terapias de suporte de oxigênio, como a utilização de Membrana de Oxigenação Extracorpórea (ECMO) e ventilação mecânica (VM). A ECMO é uma terapia usada para suporte temporário em casos de falência da função pulmonar e/ou cardíaca. Esta revisão integrativa objetivou avaliar a literatura científica sobre a efetividade da ECMO em pacientes críticos com COVID-19. Foram incluídos na presente revisão artigos coletados do PubMed, publicados no período de dezembro de 2019 a junho de 2021, utilizando-se os descritores “COVID-19” e “ECMO”. Foram excluídos artigos que não apresentavam resultados sobre a avaliação da relação da ECMO com a COVID-19 e os que se enquadravam na categoria de modelo de carta ao editor ou revisões narrativas. Para a discussão de forma integrada, os artigos foram agrupados em uma tabela contendo título, objetivo, método, metodologia, resultados e conclusão. Foram incluídos para a análise integrativa, 36 artigos. Foi possível evidenciar uma maior eficácia da ECMO nos pacientes mais jovens (< 71 anos), com maior gravidade da doença e nos que apresentavam comorbidades. Porém, a terapia apresenta certos tipos de complicações, como alto risco de trombose e falhas no circuito, o que podem levar a um desmame malsucedido da ECMO. A terapia com ECMO pode auxiliar pacientes graves com COVID-19 em determinadas condições, embora possa aumentar o risco de trombose, sendo necessários mais estudos para um melhor esclarecimento.                                                   

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12/02/2022

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LAVEZZO, S. Z. .; BELTRAME, S. E. .; RIBEIRO, C. H. M. A. .; PRETE, A. C. L. . Efetividade da terapia por oxigenação de membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) em pacientes críticos com COVID-19. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. e5911326388, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26388. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26388. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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