Avaliação das alterações bucais e modificação do microbioma bucal em pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26866

Palavras-chave:

Unidade de terapia intensiva; Higiene bucal; Cuidados intensivos.

Resumo

Introdução: Os protocolos de descontaminação oral com clorexidina são os cuidados usuais oferecidos aos pacientes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). A avaliação de internação realizada pelos dentistas está ausente da rotina, levando a equipe médica a negligenciar as doenças bucais, pois raramente são a principal causa de internação e a ausência comum de dor ou outros sintomas. Saudável ou não, a cavidade oral possui um extenso reservatório de patógenos, podendo disseminar infecções sistêmicas e modificar ou piorar a saúde geral dos pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal prospectivo na UTI geral do Hospital Sírio Libanês, em São Paulo. A saúde bucal foi avaliada na admissão, três e sete dias de internação por índices clínicos (exame bucal à beira do leito (BOE), índice de placa e mucosa (MPS), presença de focos infecciosos) e microbiologicamente (identificação de microrganismos na saliva e biofilme). Resultados: Inicialmente foram incluídos 60 pacientes, com 70% de dependência de higiene bucal, e 39,47% foram internados e permaneceram com focos infecciosos bucais durante todo o estudo. 38 pacientes acompanhados clinicamente apresentaram melhora nos índices BOE e MPS. Sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre saliva e biofilme durante a internação, 27 pacientes tiveram prevalência de Candida spp, ESKAPE (E. faecalis, S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, A.baumannii, P.mirabilis e Enterobacter spp.) e patógenos associados à pneumonia nosocomial (S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, E.cloacae, P.mirabilis, Streptococcus spp, E.coli, H.influenza e S.pneumoniae). Conclusão: Além dos cuidados de enfermagem, a avaliação bucal na admissão hospitalar e o acompanhamento odontológico podem alinhar os protocolos de higiene bucal do paciente às suas reais necessidades sistêmicas.

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Publicado

08/03/2022

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KALLÁS, M. S. .; MENDES, M. A. .; DIAS, M.; NEGREIROS, R. M.; ALVES, L. A. C.; SINIAUSKAS, A.; AZEVEDO, L. C. P. . Avaliação das alterações bucais e modificação do microbioma bucal em pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 3, p. e59411326866, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26866. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/26866. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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Ciências da Saúde