Fatores de risco cardiovascular e confundidores na dermatite atópica grave: revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i3.26926Palavras-chave:
Dermatite atópica; Doenças Cardiovasculares; Inflamassomos; Inflamação; Acidente vascular cerebral; Aterosclerose; Síndrome metabólica; Infarto do miocárdio.Resumo
A dermatite atópica (DA) é uma doença inflamatória crônica e recidivante que pode estar associada a doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). É crescente o interesse na DA como um fator de risco para DCV, embora existam poucos estudos disponíveis sobre esse tema e os resultados sejam ainda controversos. Objetivo: Entender se a dermatite atópica grave e os mecanismos inflamatórios envolvidos nessa doença são um fator de risco para DCV. Metodologia: Após o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de estudo, foi realizada uma revisão de escopo com base na estrutura delineada por Arksey e O'Malley, Levac et al., o Joanna Briggs Institute e as diretrizes PRISMA-ScR. PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scopus e SciELO foram as bases de dados selecionadas. Resultados: Cinquenta e dois estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão (18 estudos de revisão, 16 estudos transversais, 15 estudos de coorte e três meta-análises). Encontramos 36 estudos que correlacionaram a DA com DCV, enquanto outros 16 estudos não encontraram relação entre DA e DCV. Conclusões: É possível que o risco cardiovascular na doença atópica moderada a grave esteja nos fatores de confusão, e não necessariamente porque DA e DCV compartilham a mesma via inflamatória sistêmica crônica. Não há evidências robustas de que a DA seja um fator de risco para DCV. Para reduzir o risco de DCV em pacientes com DA, deve-se dar maior atenção aos fatores de risco cardiovascular comumente presentes nesses pacientes e recomendar fortemente um estilo de vida saudável.
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