Avaliação da relação entre a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico, tabagismo e desgastes dentais: revisão narrativa da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31712Palavras-chave:
Desgaste dos dentes; Refluxo gastroesofágico; Tabagismo.Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE), tabagismo e desgastes dentais. Uma revisão narrativa foi conduzida, realizando-se uma busca eletrônica na literatura, através da plataforma PubMed/Medline. Foram incluídos estudos transversais, de coorte e caso-controle realizados em adultos, abordando, pelo menos, dois dos três temas foco da pesquisa. Estudos em animais, relatos de caso, revisões da literatura, capítulos de livros, cartas, comentários, editoriais e estudos in vitro foram excluídos. Não houve restrições com relação ao idioma e à data de publicação. A pesquisa resultou em 523 artigos, sendo que 46 deles atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Participaram dos estudos selecionados um total de 156.843 pessoas distribuídas em 20 países. A maior parte dos artigos encontrou uma associação significativa entre o tabagismo e a ocorrência de DRGE, o que pode ser explicado por mecanismos envolvendo o relaxamento do Esfíncter Esofágico Inferior (EEI), a redução da secreção salivar e o aumento do tempo de esvaziamento gástrico. Além disso, indivíduos com DRGE podem sofrer com episódios de redução do pH na cavidade oral, promovendo a degradação das estruturas dentais, processo que pode ser exacerbado pelo impacto direto do tabagismo. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que há uma relação positiva entre DRGE, tabagismo e desgastes dentais. No entanto, mais estudos prospectivos avaliando a interação destes três fatores são necessários para corroborar esses achados.
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