Tratamento térmico de têmpera e partição: terceira geração dos aços avançados de alta resistência
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.31903Palavras-chave:
Têmpera e partição; AHSS; Austenita retida.Resumo
Este manuscrito tem por objetivo apresentar uma visão geral do tratamento térmico de têmpera e partição (Q&P) geralmente aplicado aos aços de transformação induzida por plasticidade (TRIP) e aços duplex (DP). Os aços TRIP e DP são a primeira geração dos aços avançados de alta resistência (AHSS). Os aços AHSS apresentam uma microestrutura multifásica que garante uma combinação vantajosa de resistência e ductilidade. O processo de tratamento térmico de Q&P tem por objetivo obter uma microestrutura composta por martensita e austenita retida, de modo a melhorar a relação resistência/ductilidade do aço AHSS. A austenita retida dos aços Q&P é rica em carbono e estável e temperatura ambiente. O processo de tratamento térmico implica em temperar o aço entre a temperatura de início de transformação martensítica, Ms, e a temperatura final da transformação martensítica, Mf. Por um processo de difusão, o carbono da martensita migra para a austenita retida. A estabilidade da austenita retida em temperatura ambiente melhora o desempenho mecânico do aço, uma vez que há um aumento em sua tenacidade e alongamento. Este controle ótimo da microestrutura originou a terceira geração dos AHSS e permite a redução de peso e a melhora nas propriedades mecânicas de peças automotivas feitas em aços TRIP e DP.
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