Fatores abióticos associados à poluição por microplásticos em águas superficiais de um estuário tropical
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34457Palavras-chave:
Impacto antropogênico; Estuário do rio Paraíba; Maré; Chuva.Resumo
O ambiente aquático tem sofrido impactos antrópicos por meio de despejos inadequados de fontes domésticas, agrícolas e industriais. Os resíduos se fragmentam em microplásticos (MPs) que se acumulam nesses ecossistemas e causam tal grande impacto. Este estudo oferece a primeira avaliação da contaminação das águas superficiais por MPs no estuário do Rio Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Amostras mensais de águas superficiais foram realizadas com rede de fitoplâncton entre março/2019 e fevereiro/2020, entre a Ilha da Restinga e o Porto de Cabedelo, à jusante neste estuário. Sobre os fatores abióticos testados, a altura da maré e a precipitação foram inversamente proporcionais à abundância de MPs na superfície da água. Enquanto transparência da água, velocidade e direção do vento e volume de água filtrada não afetaram significativamente tal abundância. Um total de 443 MPs foi obtido em 1116.26 m3 de água filtrada, com abundância média de 1,96 ± 1,44 MP/m3, variando de 0,33 (setembro) a 4,76 (janeiro). Os resultados revelam uma importante incidência de poluição por MPs à jusante neste sistema. O predomínio de fibras (51%) e fragmentos (48%) de MP reflete a decomposição lenta e natural dos resíduos sólidos indevidamente lançados no sistema, confirmando a falta de descarte adequado para o lixo na região metropolitana de João Pessoa. Este estudo reforça a necessidade de se implementar medidas mitigatórias simples, como saneamento básico, para reduzir a poluição local, bem como efetivas e rotineiras avaliações do impacto antrópico voltadas ao controle da qualidade da água neste importante estuário paraibano.
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