Producción de biosurfactantes por bacterias recolectadas en suelos contaminados por petróleo diesel en el Continente Antártico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.35593Palabras clave:
Bacteria; Antártida; Biosurfactante; Aceite.Resumen
Actualmente, el mundo entero lucha por un desarrollo sostenible para evitar el agotamiento de los recursos naturales. Por ello, la búsqueda de nuevos productos biotecnológicos como los biosurfactantes ha generado interés debido a su baja toxicidad, biodegradabilidad y aceptabilidad ecológica. Además, los biosurfactantes tienen varias aplicaciones, como la emulsificación, la humectabilidad, la formación de espuma, la limpieza y la reducción de la viscosidad del petróleo crudo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las bacterias recolectadas en la Antártida y evaluar su capacidad para producir biosurfactantes. En este estudio, se identificaron bacterias recolectadas en suelo contaminado con diesel alrededor de la Estación Antártica Comandante Ferraz (Rhodococcus erythropolis, Rhizobium radiobacter, Microbacterium liquefacien, Pseudomonas libanensis y Pseudomonas veronii) y se realizaron análisis para confirmar si estas bacterias producen biosurfactantes. Curiosamente, los compuestos aislados de la bacteria mostraron propagación de gotas y redujeron la tensión superficial del agua, que son propiedades de los biosurfactantes. Además, estos compuestos presentaban carbohidratos en su composición molecular. Dados estos hallazgos, estas especies tienen aplicación potencial en áreas biotecnológicas, como la biorremediación de ambientes contaminados por gasóleo y en cosmética y cuidado personal como emulsionante. Además, el uso de residuos de gasóleo por bacterias como fuente de carbono se convierte en una alternativa atractiva porque reduce la contaminación ambiental y tiene un bajo costo.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Fernanda Ferreira Machado; Helon Guimarães Cordeiro; Maria Auxiliadora de Oliveira; Diego Fernandes Livio; Tuânia Natacha Lopes Silva ; Hiure Gomes Ramos Meira; Vinícius Souza Tarabal; Adriano Guimarães Parreira; José Antonio da Silva ; Daniel Bonoto Gonçalves ; Juliano de Carvalho Cury; Paulo Afonso Granjeiro
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