Disbiose intestinal em obesos: Uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i4.40980Palavras-chave:
Microbioma; Prebióticos; Obesidade; Disbiose.Resumo
A obesidade é caracterizada pelo excedente de tecido adiposo na composição corporal do indivíduo, proveniente de uma ingesta calórica superior ao gasto energético aliado a multifatores com destaque para a genética, o ambiente e o comportamento sedentário. Os hábitos alimentares de uma dieta ocidental (alimentos ricos em gorduras saturadas, açúcares refinados e baixa ingestão de fibras e polifenóis) exerce influência na menor diversidade do filo bacterioidetes, caracterizando o quadro de disbiose intestinal. Este artigo de revisão narrativa teve como objetivo descrever a relação da obesidade com a disbiose relatando alguns aspectos metabólicos da obesidade, e enfatizando as alterações na microbiota intestinal. A disbiose intestinal aliada aos maus hábitos alimentares propicia o enfraquecimento da junção das células de adesão firme no intestino, provocando uma maior permeabilidade intestinal resultante em uma inflamação sistêmica de baixo grau devido ao recrutamento de células imunológicas e o aumento de proteínas inflamatórias [fator de necrose tumoral (TNF-α), interleucina 6 (IL-6)] e espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), devido à translocação de bactérias gram-negativas e seus metabólitos tóxicos conhecidos como lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) para a corrente sérica. Em obesos é comum uma menor diversidade microbiana entre os filos caracterizando a disbiose intestinal. Em virtude disso, alguns tratamentos como o emprego de prebióticos e probióticos aliado a uma alimentação balanceada rica em grãos integrais, pobre em açúcares refinados e ácidos graxos saturados pode propiciar o aumento da diversidade do microbioma reduzindo esses marcadores infamatórios, e melhorando parâmetros bioquímicos importantes como a glicemia e os triglicerídeos séricos.
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Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
