Cuidados paliativos e esquizofrenia: uma reflexão sobre a dificuldade do cuidado paliativo em doentes com esquizofrenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41427Palavras-chave:
Cuidados paliativos; Saúde mental; Esquizofrenia.Resumo
Introdução: A esquizofrenia é uma doença psiquiátrica crônica e grave, além de extremamente debilitante e que traz consigo um estigma muito grande para os seus portadores. É uma das doenças que mais causa incapacitação e por isso o paciente precisa de um cuidado integral, visando não só a resolução do quadro psiquiátrico, mas também do bem-estar e a diminuição do sofrimento. Objetivo: Este trabalho visa revisar a literatura sobre cuidados paliativos em pacientes com esquizofrenia e identificar a aplicabilidade e importância de tal prática. Método: revisão narrativa de literatura, utilizando as bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScieELO), UpToDate e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). Utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: “Cuidados Paliativos”, “Esquizofrenia” e “Saúde Mental”. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram aplicados e um total de 61 artigos foram utilizados. Resultados e Discussão: A esquizofrenia é uma doença mental crônica grave que resulta em marginalização e estigma para os pacientes. Aproximadamente quatro a sete milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo sofrem de esquizofrenia grave resistente ao tratamento. Esses pacientes podem apresentar um alto nível de sintomas negativos, levando a comprometimento da qualidade de vida e do funcionamento social. A gama de abordagens de cuidados paliativos na medicina é muito ampla, desde medidas direcionadas de curto prazo para alívio de sintomas angustiantes até sedação paliativa. Os serviços de cuidados paliativos para pessoas com esquizofrenia devem adotar uma abordagem inclusiva. Conclusão: Os cuidados paliativos poderão oferecer conforto aos pacientes com esquizofrenia e seus familiares, em especial aos marginalizados.
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