Uso de cafeína para manejo da apneia da prematuridade

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i5.45785

Palavras-chave:

Apneia da prematuridade; Cafeína; Treatmento primário; Récem-nascido prematuro.

Resumo

Introdução: A apnéia da prematuridade é um diagnóstico comum em unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais, especialmente, em pacientes pré-termos menores de 35 semanas ou pacientes que nasceram com baixo peso (<1500g). Nessa perspectiva, o uso do citrato de cafeína apresenta benefícios a curto e longo prazo nessa patologia, além de reduzir a incidência de complicações. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura com base de dados no PUBMED banco de dados, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: “Apnea Prematurity”, “Caffeine” e “Treatment”, com o filtro de 6 anos, sendo analisados 164 artigos, dos quais apenas 34 foram incluídos e 130 foram excluídos. Resultados e Discussão: A apneia da prematuridade é uma patologia comum em pré-termos e pré-termos extremos com incidência de 10% dos neonatos após 34 semanas e 20-85% nos neonatos nascidos entre 30-34 semanas. A fisiopatologia da doença é explicada pela imaturidade do sistema nervoso central em manter drive respiratório, além de prejuízo na sensibilidade de resposta à quimiorreceptores e dificuldade de manutenção do sono REM, além dos prejuízos crônicos inerentes à hipóxia crônica. As metilxantinas, princípio ativo da cafeína, tem como mecanismo de ativação inibir os receptores de adenosina A1 e A2 acoplados à proteína G. A dose inicial recomendada para terapêutica é 10 mg/kg para a apneia da prematuridade, porém deve ser acompanhado com as concentrações séricas da droga para faixa terapêutica segura, além de monitorar os efeitos colaterais diante do prejuízo clínico do paciente. Os principais sinais de efeitos colaterais do uso da cafeína: taquicardia, hiperglicemia, redução da taxa de crescimento, icterícia, irritabilidade, agitação e convulsões. Conclusão: Apneia da prematuridade é uma patologia bastante prevalente em neonatos pré-termos que deve ser levada em consideração sua possibilidade terapêutica diante de suas possíveis complicações a curto e longo prazo, uma vez que o uso de metilxantinas possuí diferentes evidências de melhora clínica.

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21/05/2024

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JUCÁ NETO, J. de R. B. .; BRASIL, L. F. .; MENDONÇA, L. M. de .; MAPURUNGA, T. R. .; SOUZA, E. C. de .; MORAIS, P. I. .; MAPURUNGA, Ângela R. . Uso de cafeína para manejo da apneia da prematuridade. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 5, p. e8713545785, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i5.45785. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/45785. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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