COVID-19: caracterização viral, fisiopatologia e prevenção

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7768

Palavras-chave:

SARS-CoV-2; Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave; Pandemia.

Resumo

Introdução: Há sete espécies conhecidas de coronavírus humanos capazes de causar doenças respiratórias. O mais recente é o SARS-CoV-2, o agente etiológico do COVID-19. Objetivo: Avaliar as principais características do SARS-CoV-2, a fisiopatologia do COVID-19 e as principais medidas de prevenção e contenção da progressão da doença. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa entre 2003 e 2020, com base em: PubMed, Medline, SciELO, LILACS e Google Academic, utilizando os descritores: COVID-19, coronavirus, novel coronavirus, human, SARS virus, outbreak disease, viral pneumonia, todos listados em MESH e DECS. Resultados: Dos 65 artigos selecionados, 28 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Conclusão: SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus de RNA cuja proteína S está envolvida na adsorção à membrana da célula alvo. É transmitido por contato com superfícies contaminadas, secreções ou aerossóis. Nestes, permanece viável por três horas e até três dias em superfícies. Recomenda-se lavagem frequente das mãos, desinfecção de superfícies, não compartilhamento de objetos pessoais, distância social de dois metros e uso de máscaras na saída de casa. Pacientes não graves devem ser isolados em casa por 14 dias. Os profissionais de saúde devem usar EPI e ter cuidado com as fontes potenciais de contaminação, incluindo urina e fezes de pacientes durante a higiene.

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06/09/2020

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MENDES, S. C. .; OLIVEIRA, J. V. de .; FERRARI, A. C. .; GOIS, K. C. de .; NICOLAU, L. D. .; OLIVEIRA, M. P. de .; MENEZES-RODRIGUES, F. S. .; PACKER, M. L. T. .; FONSECA, F. L. A. .; GEHRKE, F. de S. . COVID-19: caracterização viral, fisiopatologia e prevenção. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 9, p. e750997768, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7768. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/7768. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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