Effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on bean seed treatment regarding germination and initial development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i5.51003Keywords:
Bean, Germination, Inoculation, Plant growth-promoting bacteria, Early development.Abstract
The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria has gained prominence in modern agriculture, especially the genus Azospirillum, known for its ability to stimulate root development and nutrient absorption. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of Azospirillum brasilense applied via seed treatment on the germination and initial development of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory and in trays containing sand, using five treatments: T1 (control), T2 (1 mL), T3 (2 mL), T4 (3 mL), and T5 (4 mL), with three repetitions. Germination parameters were evaluated over seven days, in addition to shoot height, root length, and stem diameter. The results indicated that inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense positively influenced the initial development of the plants, with emphasis on the dose of 2 mL. The experiment has the general objective of investigating the effects of the application of Azospirillum brasilense via seed treatment on root development, and the specific objectives are to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum brasilense at different doses on bean seed germination; to check changes in the development of the aerial part, the root system, and stem thickness; to compare the effects of the applied doses with a control treatment and to assess the potential agronomic use of the Azospirillum formulation.
References
Apaza-Calcina, J. D., Munoz-Salas, M. N., Lozano-Isla, F., Rezende, R. P., & Santana Silva, R. J. (2025). Azospirillum brasilense as a bioinoculant to alleviate the effects of salinity on quinoa seed germination. Plants, 14(24), 3829.
Banzatto, D. A., & Kronka, S. N. (2006). Experimentação agrícola (4ª ed.). FUNEP.
Bashan, Y., & De-Bashan, L. E. (2010). How the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum promotes plant growth—A critical assessment. Advances in Agronomy, 108, 77–136.
Bashan, Y., Holguin, G., & De-Bashan, L. E. (2004). Azospirillum–plant relationships: Physiological, molecular, agricultural, and environmental advances. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 50(8), 521–577.
Cassán, F., Vanderleyden, J., & Spaepen, S. (2010). Physiological and agronomical aspects of phytohormone production by Azospirillum spp. Plant and Soil, 331(1–2), 1–18.
Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. (2023). Acompanhamento da safra brasileira de grãos. CONAB.
Döbereiner, J. (1997). Biological nitrogen fixation in the tropics: Social and economic contributions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29(5–6), 771–774.
Dobbelaere, S., Vanderleyden, J., & Okon, Y. (2003). Plant growth-promoting effects of diazotrophs in the rhizosphere. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 22(2), 107–149.
Ferreira, D. F. (2011). SISVAR: A computer statistical analysis system. Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 35(6), 1039–1042.
Hungria, M. (2011). Inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense: Inovação em rendimento a baixo custo. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 35(3), 723–733.
Hungria, M., Nogueira, M. A., & Araujo, R. S. (2012). Co-inoculation of soybeans and maize with Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium spp. Plant and Soil, 356, 249–266.
Hungria, M., Campo, R. J., & Mendes, I. C. (2016). A importância da fixação biológica de nitrogênio para a agricultura sustentável. Embrapa Soja.
Kloepper, J. W., & Schroth, M. N. (1978). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on radishes. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, 879–882.
Maguire, J. D. (1962). Speed of germination—Aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 2(2), 176–177.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. (2009). Regras para análise de sementes. MAPA.
Okon, Y., & Labandera-Gonzalez, C. A. (1994). Agronomic applications of Azospirillum: An evaluation of 20 years worldwide field inoculation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 26(12), 1591–1601.
Pimentel-Gomes, F. (2009). Curso de estatística experimental (15ª ed.). FEALQ.
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2017). Fisiologia e desenvolvimento vegetal (6ª ed.). Artmed.
Zeffa, D. M., Perini, L. J., Silva, M. B., Sousa, N. V., Scapim, C. A., & Oliveira, A. L. M. (2019). Azospirillum brasilense promotes increases in growth and yield of maize. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(4), 267–276.
Baldani, V. L. D., Baldani, J. I., & Döbereiner, J. (2000). Inoculation of field-grown wheat with Azospirillum spp. in Brazil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 30, 521–525.
Müller, T. M., Silva, J. R., Costa, A. L., & Pereira, M. S. (2025). Effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on germination and initial growth of maize hybrids. Brazilian Journal of Biology.
Nery, M. S., Oliveira, R. P., Santos, L. F., & Souza, T. R. (2025). Management of Azospirillum brasilense as a strategy for improving plant growth and sustainability. Grass and Forage Science.
Sala, V. M. R., Cardoso, E. J. B. N., & Freitas, S. S. (2007). Interaction between plant growth-promoting bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Scientia Agricola, 64(5), 563–570.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 luhan Araújo Carneiro, Samyra Oliveira Santana, Nicolas Oliveira de Araújo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
