Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on dairy cattle farming in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i2.40123Keywords:
COVID-19; Dairy farming; Biosecurity; Questionnaire.Abstract
COVID-19 has brought numerous challenges for the dairy industry. This research aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian dairy cattle farming. The study was conducted from December 2020 to February 2021 via Google Forms® platform. Data obtained were tabulated and evaluated using descriptive and multivariate analysis, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskall-Wallis, Variance Analysis (ANOVA), and Dunn’s post-hoc comparison. The study was approved by the Committee for Ethics in Research with Human. In total, 73 viable responses were obtained, with participations from the Brazilian regions Midwest, Northeast, South, and Southeast. Among the biosecurity measures adopted during the study, 86% of farm employees began to sanitize their hands more often to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Use of masks during work was required all the time during work by employees in 17 properties (23%), although the use of masks was not required in 40 (55%) farms and 16 properties required them during part of the work (22%). Regarding milk production, 99% of the respondents had no problems with milk collection and more than half of the producers had difficulties in acquiring animals. Moreover, thirty-seven percent of the interviewees said they were unaware of how the virus was transmitted. Regarding the size of the dairy farms, small farms were more likely to have no veterinary medical care. The pandemic brought positive and negative impacts to dairy properties, which was influenced by the number of animals, the presence of veterinary care, and average daily milk production.
References
Alam, M. S., Schlecht, E., & Reichenbach, M. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 on Small-Scale Dairy Enterprises in an Indian Megacity—Insights from Greater Bengaluru. Sustainability, 14(4), 2057. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042057.
Almeida, E. M. T. C., & Almeida, M. T. C. (2021). Attitude and behavioral changes of dairy consumers during the New Coronavirus pandemic in Brazil. International Journal of Dairy Science, 16(2):67–74. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijds.2021.67.74.
Barreto, J. V. P., Lorenzetti, E., Pertile, S. F. N., Bertasso, N. P., dos Santos, R. M., de Melo Jardim, A., & de Almeida Rego, F. C. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the practices and biosecurity measures of veterinary medicine professionals in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 44, e005221. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm005221.
Bastos, E. K. X. (2020). Boletim de Expectativas. Carta de Conjuntura número 48, Terceiro Trimestre de 2020. Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica e Aplicada – IPEA. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/PDFs/conjuntura/200924_boletim_espectativas.pdf.
Booker, Q. S., Austin, J. D., & Balasubramanian, B. A. (2021). Survey strategies to increase participant response rates in primary care research studies. Family Practice. 38(5):699–702. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmab070.
Borges, M. S., Guedes, C. A. M., & Castro, M. C. D. (2016). Programa de assistência técnica para o desenvolvimento de pequenas propriedades leiteiras em Valença-RJ e região Sul Fluminense. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 14 (Cad. EBAPE.BR, 2016 14(spe)). https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395115513
Coluccia, B., Agnusdei, G. P., Miglietta, P. P., & Leo, F. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 on the italian agri-food supply and value chains. Food Control. 123:107839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107839.
Dhama, K., Khan, S., Tiwari, R., Sircar, S., Bhat, S., Malik, Y. S., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-19. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 33 (4):1–48. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00028-20.
Dohoo, I., Martin, W., & Stryhn, H. (2012). Methods in Epidemiologic Research. Charlottetown, P.E.I.: VER, Inc.
EMBRAPA. 2019. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária. Anuário Leite 2019. https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/198698/1/Anuario-LEITE-2019.pdf.
Fávero, L. P., & Belfiore, P. (2017). Manual de Análise de Dados: Estatística e Modelagem Multivariada com Excel, SPSS e Stata. Rio de Janeiro: GEN LTC.
Franco, A. C., Andrett, R. da S., Ávila, D. P., Eisenhardt, L., Moreira, A. Z., Antunes, P. de A., Timm, A. P. P., Ebersol, C. N., Mancini, I. de A., Piemolini, E. M., Martinez, I. A., Timm, K. da S., Bahr, N., & Fischer, G. (2021). Princípios da biosseguridade e sua implementação na bovinocultura leiteira. Research, Society and Development, 10(14), e65101421625, Retrivied from https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/21625.
Gargiulo, J. I., Eastwood, C. R., Garcia, S. C., & Lyons, N. A. (2018). Dairy farmers with larger herd sizes adopt more precision dairy technologies. Journal of Dairy Science. 101(6):5466–73. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13324.
IBGE. 2017. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo Agropecuário. https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/economic/agriculture-forestry-and-fishing/17234-census-of-agriculture.html?=&t=o-que-e.
IBGE. 2020. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Indicadores IBGE: Estatística da Produção Pecuária out.-dez. 2020. https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/2380/epp_2020_4tri.pdf.
Karwasra, K., Soni, G., Mangla, S. K., & Kazancoglu, Y. (2021). Assessing dairy supply chain vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2021.1910221.
Lavidas, K., Petropoulou, A., Papadakis, S., Apostolou, Z., Komis, V., Jimoyiannis, A., & Gialamas, V. (2022). Factors Affecting Response Rates of the Web Survey with Teachers. Computers, 11(9), 127. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11090127.
Leite, J. B. L., Stock, L. A., Siqueira, K. B., & Zoccal, R. (2015). Dinâmica da Pecuária Leiteira no Brasil: evolução e características das propriedades. Panorama do Leite. 7(82):12-15. https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/1038275/1/Cnpgl2015PanLeiteDinamica.pdf.
Qingbin, W., Chang-quan, L., Yuan feng, Z., Kitsos, A., Cannella, M., Wang, S., & Han, L. (2020). Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the dairy industry: lessons from China and the United States and policy implications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(12):2903–2915. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63443-8.
Rahman, M. S., & Chandra, Das G. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 on the livestock sector in Bangladesh and recommendations. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 4:100128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100128.
Santos, G., & Bittar, C. M. M. (2015). A Survey of dairy calf management Practices in some producing regions in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 44(10):361–70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-92902015001000004.
Saraiva, E. M. S., Ricarte, É. C., Coelho, J. L. G., de Sousa, D. F., da Silva Feitosa, F. L., Alves, R. S., & de Santana, W. J. (2020). Impacto da pandemia pelo COVID-19 na provisão de equipamentos de proteção individual. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(7):43751–62. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n7-115.
Saravanan, K. P., Silambarasan, P., Manivannan, A., Sasikala, V., & Sivakumar, T. (2021). Constraints and management practices of dairy farming during COVID-19 pandemic situation. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research, 40(1):20–24. https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.DR-1620.
Smith, M. G., Witte, M., Rocha, S., & Basner, M. (2019). Effectiveness of incentives and follow-up on increasing survey response rates and participation in field studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 19(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-019-0868-8.
StataCorp. 2015. Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
Soendergaard, N., Gilio, L., Sá, C. D., & Jank, M. S. (2020). Impactos da Covid-19 no Agronegócio e o papel do Brasil. Insper, 1-26. Retrivied from https://www.insper.edu.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/impactos-da-covid-19-no-agronegocio-e-o-papel-do-brasil-vf-a.pdf.
Vall, E., Mburu, J., Ndambi, A., Sall, C., Camara, A. D., Sow, A., & Duteurtre, G. (2021). Early effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the African dairy industry: cases of Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar, and Senegal. Cahiers Agricultures, 30(7). https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020047.
Valldecabres, A., Wenz, J., Ferreira, F. C., Chahine, M., Dalton, J., de Haro Marti, M., & Silva-del-Río, N. (2022). Perspective of Dairy Producers from California, Idaho, South Dakota, and Washington: Health and Business Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic during the Second Wave. Journal of Dairy Science, 105(2):1788–96. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2021-20924.
Weersink, A., Massow, M., McDougall, B., & Bannon, N. (2021). Re-Examining the Implications of COVID-19 on the Canadian Dairy and Poultry Sectors. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 69(2):215–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12284.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Camille Alexandra Carvalho e Silva; Brenner Frederico Carvalho Alves; Clarice Freire de Morais; Samuel Piassi Teles; Camila Stefanie Fonseca de Oliveira; Jéssica Ferreira Rodrigues; João Lúcio Rezende São José Diniz; José Azael Zambrano Uribe; Fernanda Morcatti Coura
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
