Reviewing Treatment for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.24338Keywords:
Pneumonia, Methicillin, Linezolid resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin.Abstract
Introdução: O Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) pode causar diversas infecções, tanto dermatológicas, quanto infecções invasivas, como pneumonia, empiema e sepse. Devido sua importância e patogenicidade, é considerado um problema de saúde pública mundial, o que implica em necessidade de pesquisar por esquemas terapêuticos mais eficientes. Especificamente para o tratamento de pneumonia por MRSA, à vancomicina e a linezolida são as principais drogas utilizadas. Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste estudo foi comparar os dois fármacos quanto a sua eficácia no tratamento da pneumonia por MRSA, por meio da revisão dos aspectos mais recentes da literatura. Metodologia: Por meio de revisão narrativa, foram averiguados os prós e contras de cada intervenção terapêutica, assim como os aspectos farmacológicos individuais e a fisiopatologia da infecção bacteriana em questão. Conclusão: Por fim, concluiu-se que a linezolida apresenta superioridade frente à vancomicina, com melhores taxas de redução de mortalidade e tempo de hospitalização, junto a menor risco de complicações e eventos adversos, além de maior flexibilidade terapêutica, melhor custo benefício e menores taxas de resistência.
References
Aguayo-Reyes, A. et al. Bases moleculares de la resistencia a meticilina en Staphylococcus aureus. Revista chilena de infectología, Santiago, 35(1):7–14, 2018.
Billups, K. et al. Risk of acute kidney injury in critically ill surgical patients with presumed pneumonia is not impacted by choice of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus therapy. International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science, 8(1):22–27, 2018.
Bosso, J. B et al. Relationship between vancomycin trough concentrations and nephrotoxicity: a prospective multicenter trial. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 55(12): 5475–5479, dez. 2011.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Guia de Vigilância em Saúde. -3 ed. - Brasília, 2019. https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/guia_vigilancia_saude_3ed.pdf.
Bruniera, F. R. et al. The use of vancomycin with its therapeutic and adverse effects: a review. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, Santo André, 19(4): 694–700, 2015.
Burdette, S. D. & Trotman, R. Tedizolid: The First Once-Daily Oxazolidinone Class Antibiotic. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 61(8): 1315–1321, 2015.
Carballo, N. et al. Community-acquired pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in critically-ill patients: systematic review. Farmacia Hospitalaria: Organo Oficial De Expresion Cientifica De La Sociedad Espanola De Farmacia Hospitalaria, Barcelona, 41(2):187–203, 1 mar. 2017.
Chavanet, P. The ZEPHyR study: a randomized comparison of linezolid and vancomycin for MRSA pneumonia. Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses. França. 43(11):451-455, 2013.
Cheng, C.-N.; Lin, S.-W. & Wu, C.C. Early linezolid-associated lactic acidosis in a patient with Child’s class C liver cirrhosis and end stage renal disease. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy: Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, Taiwan, 24(10):841–844, 2018.
Collins, C.D. & Schwemm, A. K. Linezolid Versus Vancomycin in the Empiric Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia: A Cost-Utility Analysis Incorporating Results from the ZEPHyR Trial. Value in Health: The Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 18(5):614–621, 2015.
David, M. Z. & Daum, R. S. Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 40(9):325–383, 2017.
Equils, O. et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus on outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: data from a prospective double-blind clinical trial comparing treatment with linezolid versus vancomycin. BMC Infectious Diseases, 16(1): 470-476, 2016.
Filippone, E. J.; Kraft, W. K. & Farber, J. L. The Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 102(3):459–469, 2017.
Grief, S. N. & Loza, J. K. Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Pneumonia. Primary Care, 45(3):485–503, 2018.
Guery, B.; Galperine, T. & Barbut, F. Clostridioides difficile: diagnosis and treatments. BMJ, 366(1), 2019.
Hasani, R.; Sarma, J. & Kansal, S. Serotonin syndrome induced by combined use of sertraline and linezolid. Anesthesia, essays and researches, 13(1):188, 2019.
Hashemian, S. M. R.; Farhadi, T. & Ganjparvar, M. Linezolid: a review of its properties, function, and use in critical care. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 12(1):1759–1767, 2018.
Henig, O. & Kaye, K. S. Bacterial Pneumonia in Older Adults. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 31(4): 689–713, 2017.
Jeffres, M. N. The Whole Price of Vancomycin: Toxicities, Troughs, and Time. Drugs, 77(11):1143–1154, 2017.
Karkow, D. C.; Kauer, J. F. & Ernst, E. J. Incidence of Serotonin Syndrome With Combined Use of Linezolid and Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Compared With Linezolid Monotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 37(5):518–523, 2017.
Kerneis, S. & Lucet, J.-C. Controlling the Diffusion of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Intensive Care Units. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 40(4):558–568, 2019.
Khan, A.; Wilson, B. & Gould, I. M. Current and future treatment options for community-associated MRSA infection. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 19(5):457–470, 2018.
Kolditz, M. & Ewig, S. Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 114(49):838–848, 2017.
Kumar, M. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, India, 2013–2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22(9):1666–1667, 2016.
Legendre, D. P. et al. Antibiotic Hypersensitivity Reactions and Approaches to Desensitization. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 58(8):1140–1148, 2014.
Lewis, P. O. et al. Treatment strategies for persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 43(5):614–625, 2018.
Li, J. et al. Linezolid vs. vancomycin in treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections: a meta-analysis. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 21(17):3974–3979, 2017.
Li, Y. & Xu, W. Efficacy and safety of linezolid compared with other treatments for skin and soft tissue infections: a meta-analysis. Bioscience Reports, 38(1):25-28, 2018.
Liu, P. et al. Clinical outcomes of linezolid and vancomycin in patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus stratified by baseline renal function: a retrospective, cohort analysis. BMC nephrology, 18(1):168, 2017.
Mcguinness, W. A.; Malachowa, N. & Deleo, F. R. Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 90(2):269–281, 2017.
Metersky, M. L. & Kalil, A. C. New guidelines for nosocomial pneumonia. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 23(3):211–217, 2017.
Mimica, M. J. & Berezin, E. N. Staphylococcus aureus resistente à vancomicina: um problema emergente. Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa São Paulo, São Paulo, 51(1):52-56, 2006.
Minhas, J. S. et al. Immune-mediated reactions to vancomycin: A systematic case review and analysis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology: Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 116(6):544–553, 2016.
Monaco, M. et al. Worldwide Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 409(1):21–56, 2017.
Monegro, A. F.; Muppidi, V. & Regunath, H. Hospital Acquired Infections. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020.
Nicolaou, E. V.& Bartlett, A. H. Necrotizing Pneumonia. Pediatric Annals, 46(2):65–68, 2017.
Ortwine, J. K. & Bhavan, K. Morbidity, mortality, and management of methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia in the USA: update on antibacterial choices and understanding. Hospital Practice (1995), 46(2):64–72, 2018.
Pereira, A. S. et al. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. Biblioteca Central da UFSM. https://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/handle/1/15824/Lic_C
omputacao_Metodologia-Pesquisa-Cientifica.pdf?sequence=1
Pham, J.; Asif, T.& Hamarshi, M. S. Community-acquired Pneumonia with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a Patient Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Therapeutic Challenge. Cureus, 10(1), 2018.
Purrello, S. M. et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A review of the currently available treatment options. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance, 7:178–186, 2016.
Quinton, L. J.; Walkey, A. J. & Mizgerd, J. P. Integrative Physiology of Pneumonia. Physiological Reviews, 98(3):1417–1464, 2018.
Ray, A. S. et al. Vancomycin and the Risk of AKI: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN, 11(12):2132–2140, 2016.
Rodvold, K.A. & Mcconeghy, K.W. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapy: past, present, and future. Clin Infect Dis. 58(1):20-27, 2014.
Rossato, A. M.; Reiter, K. C. & D’azevedo, P. A. Coexistence of virulence genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, Minas Gerais, 51(3):361–363, 2018.
Sattar, S. B. A. & Sharma, S. Bacterial Pneumonia. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020.
Self, W. H. et al. Staphylococcus aureus Community-acquired Pneumonia: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 63(3):300–309, 2016.
Siddiqui, A. H. & Koirala, J. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2020.
Talaie, H. et al. High sensitivity versus low level of vancomycin needs to be concerned for another alternative anti- Staphylococcus aureus as the first- line antibiotic. Acta Bio-Medica: Atenei Parmensis, 90(4):498–503, 2019.
Van Hal, S. J.; Paterson, D. L. & Lodise, T. P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity associated with dosing schedules that maintain troughs between 15 and 20 milligrams per liter. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 57(2):734–744, 2013.
Vaneperen, A. S. & Segreti, J. Empirical therapy in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus infections: An Up-To-Date approach. Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 22(6):351–359, 2016.
Villa, G. et al. Effects of continuous renal replacement therapy on linezolid pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics: a systematic review. Critical Care, 20(1):374, 2016.
Walkey, A. J.; O’donnell, M. R. & Wiener, R. S. Linezolid vs glycopeptide antibiotics for the treatment of suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chest, 139(5):1148–1155, 2011.
Wan, Y. et al. Economic evaluation among Chinese patients with nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and treated with linezolid or vancomycin: a secondary, post-hoc analysis based on a Phase 4 clinical trial study. Journal of Medical Economics, 19(1):53–62, 2016.
Watkins, R. R.; Holubar, M. & David, M. Z. Antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to newer antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 62(1):2, 2019.
Ye, X. et al. Linezolid Inhibited Synthesis of ATP in Mitochondria: Based on GC-MS Metabolomics and HPLC Method. BioMed Research International, 2018:1-9, 2018.
Zahedi, A. B. et al. Linezolid: a promising option in the treatment of Gram-positives. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherap, 72(2):354–364, 2017.
Zhao, M. et al. Similar efficacy and safety of daptomycin versus linezolid for treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infections: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 48(3):231–238, 2016.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Márcia Farsura de Oliveira; Caroline Silva de Araujo Lima; Rômulo Daniel Sanches; Jemerson Costa da Silva; Thaísa Munique Ferreira Costa de Oliveira; Isa Vitória Gonçalves Araújo; Rubenrhaon Alberto Paulino; Mona Khaled Abdul Rahim; Gabryelle Moreira Corrêa; Ana Gabrielly Masson Itacarambi; Gustavo Henrique Silva Ribeiro; Anderson Poubel Batista; Monique de Paula Pereira Grillo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
