El uso de la creatina como agente neuroprotector en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50322

Palabras clave:

Creatina, Neuroprotección, Enfermedad de Alzheimer, Bioenergética cerebral, Suplementación nutricional.

Resumen

La enfermedad de Alzheimer es una condición neurodegenerativa progresiva caracterizada por deterioro cognitivo, pérdida sináptica y alteraciones bioquímicas relacionadas con la acumulación de beta-amiloide, los ovillos neurofibrilares de tau y la disfunción mitocondrial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar, mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura, los mecanismos bioquímicos asociados al uso de creatina como intervención adyuvante en el manejo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, así como evaluar la evidencia clínica disponible, sus limitaciones metodológicas y las perspectivas futuras. La metodología consistió en una búsqueda estructurada en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y ScienceDirect, incluyendo artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2025, seleccionados según la presencia de estudios experimentales en modelos animales y ensayos clínicos en humanos que investigaron los efectos de la suplementación de creatina en Alzheimer o en condiciones de riesgo, como el deterioro cognitivo leve. Los resultados muestran que los estudios preclínicos señalan mejoras en la función mitocondrial, aumento de las reservas energéticas, reducción de la excitotoxicidad y modulación de factores neurotróficos tras la suplementación. Los ensayos clínicos piloto también indican viabilidad, seguridad y posibles beneficios cognitivos en etapas tempranas de la enfermedad, aunque persisten limitaciones respecto a la estandarización de dosis, duración de las intervenciones y tamaño muestral. Se concluye que la creatina se presenta como una intervención nutricional prometedora, con potencial para actuar como adyuvante en el soporte bioenergético cerebral; sin embargo, su eficacia clínica sigue sin ser definitiva, siendo necesarios estudios controlados, rigurosos y de largo plazo para confirmar sus efectos terapéuticos.

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Publicado

2025-12-09

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Cómo citar

El uso de la creatina como agente neuroprotector en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 12, p. e71141250322, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i12.50322. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50322. Acesso em: 15 dec. 2025.