Asma y transtornos del sueño en adultos: Una revisión narrativa de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i2.50594

Palabras clave:

Asma, Transtornos del sueño, Insomnio, Apnea obstructiva del sueño, Adultos.

Resumen

El asma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de las vías respiratorias con elevada prevalencia e impacto clínico en adultos, especialmente cuando el control es insuficiente. Entre los factores vinculados al mal control se encuentran los trastornos del sueño, aún infradiagnosticados en la práctica clínica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre asma y trastornos del sueño en adultos, con énfasis en sus implicaciones clínicas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa cualitativa basada en búsquedas en PubMed y en el Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), incluyendo estudios con texto completo en inglés o portugués publicados en los últimos cinco años. Tras la selección por títulos y resúmenes, la lectura a texto completo y la exclusión de duplicados, se incluyeron 35 estudios. Los hallazgos muestran una asociación consistente entre asma y trastornos del sueño, en particular apnea obstructiva del sueño e insomnio, relacionados con peor control clínico, mayor frecuencia de exacerbaciones, intensificación de síntomas nocturnos y deterioro de la calidad de vida. La evidencia adicional sugiere una interacción potencialmente bidireccional y la influencia de mecanismos circadianos en el empeoramiento nocturno. Se concluye que los trastornos del sueño son comorbilidades relevantes en adultos con asma y deben considerarse de forma sistemática en el manejo clínico.

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Publicado

2026-02-05

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Asma y transtornos del sueño en adultos: Una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 2, p. e1715250594, 2026. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v15i2.50594. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50594. Acesso em: 12 feb. 2026.