Incidencia del síndrome torácico agudo tras colecistectomía en niños con anemia falciforme: Un metaanálisis

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i2.50612

Palabras clave:

Anemia de Células Falciformes, Síndrome Torácico Agudo, Colecistectomía.

Resumen

Introducción: La colecistectomía es un procedimiento frecuente en niños con Anemia Falciforme (AF) debido a la elevada prevalencia de colelitiasis. Sin embargo, el período perioperatorio constituye un evento de alto riesgo para el desarrollo del Síndrome Torácico Agudo (STA), una complicación pulmonar grave y potencialmente fatal en esta población. Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia combinada de STA en el período postoperatorio de colecistectomía en niños y adolescentes con AF. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de proporción única, conforme a las directrices PRISMA. Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS y Google Scholar, sin restricciones de fecha o idioma. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales que reportaron la ocurrencia de STA post-colecistectomía en pacientes con AF con edad ≤18 años. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante la herramienta ROBINS-I. La síntesis se realizó utilizando un modelo de efectos aleatorios con transformación de Freeman-Tukey. Resultados: Se incluyeron siete estudios (638 procedimientos). La incidencia combinada de STA fue del 4,32% (IC 95%: 2,41% – 5,99%), con heterogeneidad moderada a sustancial (I² = 57,65%). Las tasas individuales variaron del 0% al 20%. El análisis de sensibilidad confirmó la solidez del resultado. No se detectó sesgo de publicación. La calidad general de la evidencia estuvo limitada por el riesgo de sesgo moderado a grave en los estudios primarios. Conclusión: Aproximadamente 1 de cada 23 niños con AF sometidos a colecistectomía desarrolla STA en el postoperatorio. Este riesgo no despreciable refuerza la necesidad de un asesoramiento preoperatorio detallado, vigilancia activa postoperatoria y la implementación de protocolos perioperatorios estandarizados y multidisciplinarios para mitigar este desenlace grave.

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Publicado

2026-02-06

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Incidencia del síndrome torácico agudo tras colecistectomía en niños con anemia falciforme: Un metaanálisis. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 2, p. e2115250612, 2026. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v15i2.50612. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50612. Acesso em: 12 feb. 2026.