Interrelationship between periodontics and orthodontics: A literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i9.49464Keywords:
Periodontal Disease, Periodontitis, Gingivitis, Orthodontic, Orthodontic Treatment.Abstract
Periodontal health and orthodontic treatment are intrinsically linked, with the condition of one directly impacting the success of the other. Patients with periodontal issues may present aesthetic and functional challenges that require an interdisciplinary orthodontic approach. However, orthodontics performed on an untreated periodontium can cause tissue destruction and tooth loss. Orthodontic mechanics, by applying forces, induce biological changes in periodontal tissues, potentially leading to adverse effects like gingivitis, periodontitis, and gingival hyperplasia. Oral dysbiosis, resulting from the presence of appliances, increases biofilm accumulation and can exacerbate periodontal conditions.
It's essential that any active periodontal disease be treated before and during orthodontic treatment, with a focus on rigorous oral hygiene and non-surgical anti-infective therapy. Clinical parameters and complementary exams must be continuously evaluated. In cases of regenerative surgery, planning should define whether orthodontic intervention will be early or late. Complications such as gingival inflammation, traumatic ulcers, gingival hyperplasia, and gingival recession are risks during orthodontic treatment, especially in patients with a thin gingival phenotype. Frenectomy may be necessary in cases of hyperplastic frenum. The objective of this study is to present the interrelationship between periodontics and orthodontics, given that the control and prior treatment of periodontal diseases are indispensable for successful orthodontics. Performing orthodontic treatment on a diseased periodontium will exacerbate the infection and can result in severe tooth loss. Integrated planning between orthodontics and periodontics is essential for a suitable functional and aesthetic outcome.
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