Influence of pathologies on female fertility: An integrative review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i2.49606Keywords:
Female infertility, Reproductive system diseases, Endometriosis, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Pelvic inflammatory disease.Abstract
Female infertility constitutes an important public health problem due to its high prevalence, its impact on women’s quality of life, and the associated social, psychological, and reproductive implications. It presents a multifactorial etiology, involving hormonal, structural, infectious, metabolic, and oncological alterations. This study aimed to analyze, through an integrative review, the main pathologies associated with female infertility and their repercussions on the reproductive process. The literature search was conducted in the LILACS, BVS, PubMed, and SciELO databases, resulting in the inclusion of 18 articles published between 2010 and 2025. The results show that conditions such as endometriosis, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, obesity, vaginal microbiota dysbiosis, and viral infections, especially HPV, are strongly associated with reduced fertility. It was also observed that sexually transmitted infections and microbial imbalances represent potentially preventable causes of infertility, reinforcing the importance of adequate screening and treatment. In addition, treatments for gynecological neoplasms, despite therapeutic advances, can significantly compromise ovarian reserve. It is concluded that female infertility should be understood as a multifactorial condition that requires a multidisciplinary approach, early diagnosis, and strategies for fertility prevention and preservation.
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