Posible aplicación agroalimentaria del extracto de residuos de seriguela (Spondias purpurea L.) y nanoZnO como agentes antimicrobianos, antipatógenos y antivirulencia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25033Palabras clave:
Bioactivos de origen vegetal, Nanopartículas, Actividad antimicrobiana, Antipatogenicidad, Antivirulencia, Sistema de secreción tipo tres, Quorum sensing.Resumen
El impacto de microorganismos fitopatógenos en varios cultivos provoca importantes pérdidas en industria agroalimentaria, deterioro a lo largo de cadena alimentaria y almacenamiento. Nanopartículas y extractos de plantas se han destacado por sus propiedades antimicrobianas aplicadas en envasado de alimentos, agricultura, sistemas de administración de fármacos y otros enfoques médicos. En los últimos años, este grupo ha estudiado aplicación de nanopartículas de ZnO y desechos agroindustriales en recubrimientos/películas comestibles de alimentos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar características activas del extracto de residuos de procesamiento de seriguela y nanoZnO con respecto a actividad inhibitoria contra sistemas de virulencia y patogenicidad bacteriana TTSS (Sistema de Secreción Tipo Tres) y QS (Quorum Sensing) para Pseudomonas savastanoi. También, acción antibacteriana (zona de inhibición) frente a especies de Curtobacterium, Clavibacter, E. coli, Xanthomonas y Serratia, y antifúngica frente a Botrytis cinerea (reducción del tamaño de colonia). Extracto al 60% inhibió activación del sistema QS y TTSS en 20,26% y 13,54%, respectivamente; mientras nanoZnO al 3% redujo 46,77% QS y aumentó 302,88% TTSS. Extracto sin diluir inhibió crecimiento de Clavibacter michiganensis pv michiganensis (Gram-positivo) y Xanthomonas phaseoli (Gram-negativo), zona inhibidora 94,25 mm2 y 452,39 mm2 respectivamente. Esta última también inhibida por nanoZnO 1 y 2% (138,23 mm2) y 3% (275,67 mm2). Extracto puro inhibió 17.38% del crecimiento de colonia de hongos, y nanoZnO (1 y 3%) en 33.08%. Finalmente, los agentes activos estudiados demostraron ser prometedores en prevención de enfermedades fitopatogénicas y consecuentemente pérdidas económicas, películas/recubrimientos alimentarios, y el extracto como biopesticida reduciendo impacto ambiental.
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