Manejo de la extracción dental en pacientes con tratamiento antiplaquetario: Revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i1.48033

Palabras clave:

Extracciones dentales, Terapia antiplaquetaria, Manejo del sangrado, Medidas hemostáticas, Protocolos clínicos.

Resumen

Objetivo: Detallar el correcto tratamiento dental para pacientes que reciben terapia antiplaquetaria durante las extracciones dentales, analizando la bibliografía científica para definir protocolos y acciones hemostáticas que reduzcan los riesgos de sangrados y sucesos tromboembólicos. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un análisis riguroso de la bibliografía referente al tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes que reciben terapia antiplaquetaria, examinando investigaciones publicadas en años recientes. Se analizaron los protocolos de uso más frecuente, las estrategias clínicas para interrumpir o mantener la medicación y las técnicas hemostáticas utilizadas. Resultados: Al analizar la información resalta dos estrategias fundamentales: la interrupción y la persistencia de la terapia antiplaquetaria. La investigación indica que interrumpir el tratamiento puede disminuir el peligro de hemorragias, sin embargo, incrementa considerablemente el peligro de sucesos tromboembólicos, como un infarto de miocardio o un accidente cerebrovascular. Por otro lado, mantener la terapia antiplaquetaria, en combinación con medidas hemostáticas locales como suturas, ácido tranexámico y esponjas de colágeno, facilita la gestión eficiente del sangrado posoperatorio, sin diferencias notables en relación a los pacientes que interrumpen el tratamiento. Conclusiones: Es habitual mantener la terapia antiplaquetaria durante intervenciones dentales menores, como las extracciones, siempre que se utilicen las medidas hemostáticas correctas. Este método reduce los peligros tromboembólicos y facilita un control efectivo de la hemorragia.

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Publicado

2025-01-15

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Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Manejo de la extracción dental en pacientes con tratamiento antiplaquetario: Revisión de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 1, p. e4914148033, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i1.48033. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/48033. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.