Adaptación metabólica, regulación del apetito y estilo de vida: factores que dificultan el mantenimiento de la pérdida de peso

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i6.49018

Palabras clave:

Obesidad, Pérdida de peso, Adaptação metabólica, Regulação do apetite, Recuperación de peso, Estilo de vida.

Resumen

La obesidad es una condición multifactorial y uno de los mayores desafíos de salud pública global, cuya etiología va más allá del simple equilibrio energético. El mantenimiento del peso perdido a largo plazo se ve dificultado por una compleja interacción de mecanismos fisiológicos y conductuales. Este artículo objetivó investigar los principales mecanismos que dificultan la pérdida de peso duradera y su mantenimiento, incluyendo la adaptación metabólica, los cambios en el sistema homeostático del apetito y, aspectos conductuales. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica realizada en bases de datos como PubMed, SciELO, Portal de Periódicos de CAPES y MPDI. El análisis mostró que la adaptación metabólica, caracterizada por una caída desproporcionada del gasto energético, persiste incluso después de la pérdida de peso, aunque su relevancia clínica en equilibrio energético neutro sigue en debate. Además, la reducción de peso provoca cambios hormonales persistentes, como el aumento de grelina y la disminución de leptina y PYY, que incrementan el hambre y reducen la saciedad, favoreciendo la recuperación del peso. Factores conductuales y ambientales—como el estrés, el sueño inadecuado y un entorno obesogénico—agravan estos efectos. Se concluye que el mantenimiento de la pérdida de peso se ve obstaculizado por la interacción de estos factores biológicos y conductuales. Comprender estos mecanismos es clave para desarrollar estrategias nutricionales más eficaces y sostenibles en la práctica clínica.

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Publicado

2025-06-16

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Adaptación metabólica, regulación del apetito y estilo de vida: factores que dificultan el mantenimiento de la pérdida de peso. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 6, p. e5914649018, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i6.49018. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49018. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.