Criptococosis gattii: Una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i8.49248Palabras clave:
Criptococosis, Infecciones criptocócicas, Infección por Cryptococcus gattii.Resumen
Introducción: Cryptococcus gattii causa una infección fúngica invasiva con una alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad. Su prevalencia se estima entre el 11% y el 33% de los casos de criptococosis a nivel mundial, y puede afectar tanto a pacientes inmunocompetentes como a inmunodeprimidos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión de la criptococosis gattii. Método: Este estudio consiste en una revisión bibliográfica de artículos encontrados en las plataformas de indexación PubMed y Scielo, publicados en los últimos 15 años. Todos los artículos seleccionados respondieron a la pregunta guía y cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados y discusión: C. gattii se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en regiones boscosas y se ha aislado del polvo doméstico en la Amazonia. Si bien la mayoría de los estudios muestran que la enfermedad afecta a pacientes inmunocompetentes, la evidencia reciente apunta a posibles factores genéticos e inmunológicos que predisponen a la infección. El patógeno se adquiere típicamente a través del tracto respiratorio, siendo los pulmones el órgano inicialmente afectado. La mortalidad y las secuelas de la criptococosis del sistema nervioso central causada por C. gattii siguen siendo altas. Conclusión: C. gattii es un patógeno de alta prevalencia con tasas de letalidad significativas. Esta patología debe considerarse siempre en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes con enfermedades pulmonares crónicas, independientemente de su nivel de inmunocompetencia. Se recomienda realizar estudios que consideren nuevos esquemas terapéuticos.
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