Análisis del grosor del cuádriceps y la fuerza de prensión manual em pacientes hospitalizados: Un estudio transversal

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i12.49932

Palabras clave:

Ultrasonografía, Fuerza Muscular, Sarcopenia, Hospitalización, Enfermedad Crónica.

Resumen

El envejecimiento poblacional y el aumento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles han contribuido a la aparición de la sarcopenia. Esta pérdida de masa y fuerza muscular se asocia con peores desenlaces clínicos, como incapacidad funcional, hospitalización prolongada y mayor mortalidad. El objetivo fue analizar y comparar el grosor del músculo cuádriceps y la fuerza de prensión manual en individuos hospitalizados con diferentes enfermedades crónicas. Se trata de un studio observacional y transversal realizado entre agosto y diciembre de 2025, con 14 participantes divididos en dos grupos: crónico (n=7) y control (n=7). El grosor del cuádriceps se evaluó mediante ultrasonografía (modo B) y la fuerza de prensión manual con dinamómetro electrónico. Los datos se analizaron en SPSS 25.0, utilizando las pruebas t de Student, Mann–Whitney, chi-cuadrado y Exacta de Fisher, con p<0,05. La muestra presentó distribución similar por sexo y edad (p=0,08). Las enfermedades más prevalentes en el grupo crónico fueron la enfermedad renal crónica y la insuficiencia cardíaca (57,1%). El tiempo promedio de hospitalización fue mayor en este grupo (12,7 ± 9,5 días) en comparación con el control (5,6 ± 4,7 días; p=0,04). Se observó menor grosor del cuádriceps (8,7 ± 2,2 mm vs 12,0 ± 2,4 mm; p=0,02) y menor fuerza de prensión manual (21,9 ± 11,5 kgf vs 35,3 ± 10,9 kgf; p=0,03). Se concluye que los pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades crónicas presentaron reducción significativa del grosor muscular y de la fuerza de prensión, lo que indica compromiso muscular asociado a las condiciones clínicas y al mayor tiempo de hospitalización.

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Publicado

2025-12-31

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Análisis del grosor del cuádriceps y la fuerza de prensión manual em pacientes hospitalizados: Un estudio transversal. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 12, p. e195141249932, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i12.49932. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/49932. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2026.