Análisis de Fortalezas, Debilidades, Oportunidades y Amenazas (FODA) para la implementación de políticas de salud pública para la detección del cáncer de cuello uterino basado en el Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH) en Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i2.50636Palabras clave:
Virus del Papiloma Humano, Detección Precoz del Cáncer, Salud Pública, Salud de la Mujer, Pruebas Moleculares.Resumen
En Brasil, la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer cervicouterino persisten a niveles elevados, afectando desproporcionadamente a las mujeres vulnerables. Este artículo busca presentar y analizar factores que facilitan o dificultan la implementación del cribado basado en el VPH, importante para alcanzar las metas globales de eliminación del cáncer cervicouterino para 2030. Un análisis FODA evaluó factores internos y externos que afectan la adopción del diagnostico molecular. El análisis se basó en documentos nacionales oficiales, directrices internacionales y literatura cientifica, complementados con perspectivas de investigadores, gestores de salud y miembros de la sociedad civil. El análisis FODA identificó factores facilitadores, como un sistema de salud pública unificado, la capacidad de laboratorio existente y la disponibilidad de las pruebas de VPH recomendadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), junto con importantes debilidades, como baja cobertura del cribado, falta de un sistema organizado de llamadas-y-recordatorios, y desigualdades regionales. Las oportunidades incluyen el apoyo global para la eliminación del cancer, expansión del diagnóstico molecular y el potencial de collecta autonoma de muestras para servir poblaciones desatendidas. Las amenazas incluyen vulnerabilidades de la cadena de suministro, la sostenibilidad financiera y incertidumbres en el seguimiento de mujeres con VPH detectado. El análisis destaca prioridades estratégicas para fortalecer la implementación del cribado basado en el VPH, con recomendaciones prácticas para aumentar la cobertura, mejorar la calidad del diagnóstico y optimizar el seguimiento y el tratamiento. Estos hallazgos pueden orientar la planificación y respaldar los esfuerzos para alcanzar las metas mundiales de eliminación del cáncer cervicouterino.
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