Eficacia de las adaptaciones y de las intervenciones educativas para estudiantes con TDAH: Una revisión integrativa de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v15i3.50720

Palabras clave:

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad, Intervenciones educativas, Rendimiento académico, Autorregulación, Enseñanza.

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar críticamente la evidencia científica sobre intervenciones educativas y adaptaciones no farmacológicas destinadas a mejorar el rendimiento académico y el compromiso escolar en niños y adolescentes con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura, guiada por la estrategia PICO. Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y EBSCOHost, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2011 y 2025 en portugués e inglés. Se seleccionaron artículos que abordaron intervenciones escolares no farmacológicas, tales como adaptaciones en evaluaciones, modificaciones del entorno físico, estrategias de organización y autogestión, intervenciones conductuales y enfoques basados en tecnología. El proceso de selección de los estudios estuvo orientado por las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que adaptaciones comúnmente utilizadas, como el tiempo adicional en las evaluaciones, presentan beneficios limitados y poco específicos para el TDAH. En cambio, las intervenciones individualizadas —especialmente aquellas centradas en el desarrollo de habilidades organizativas, autorregulación, apoyo conductual continuo y ajustes ambientales— demostraron mejoras más consistentes en el compromiso académico, el funcionamiento ejecutivo y la reducción de conductas disruptivas. Las intervenciones tecnológicas mostraron beneficios cognitivos específicos, principalmente en atención y memoria de trabajo. Conclusión: La evidencia respalda la implementación de intervenciones educativas personalizadas y basadas en la evidencia como parte esencial del manejo multimodal del TDAH. Las estrategias estructuradas e individualizadas resultan más eficaces que las adaptaciones genéricas, destacando la importancia de la colaboración entre la escuela y la familia para optimizar los resultados académicos.

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Publicado

2026-03-01

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

Cómo citar

Eficacia de las adaptaciones y de las intervenciones educativas para estudiantes con TDAH: Una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 3, p. e0315350720, 2026. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v15i3.50720. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/rsd/article/view/50720. Acesso em: 3 mar. 2026.